Trial reportProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2019
Blocking IL-1β reverses the immunosuppression in mouse breast cancer and synergizes with anti-PD-1 for tumor abrogation.
Trial report in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04581343 (A Phase 1B Study to Determine the Safety and Tolerability and Confirm the Dose of Canakinumab and Spartalizumab in Combination With Nab-paclitaxel and Gemcitabine for Patients With Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer), which is not on this map. Cited by 273 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Phase 1B Study to Determine the Safety and Tolerability and Confirm the Dose of Canakinumab and Spartalizumab in Combination With Nab-paclitaxel and Gemcitabine for Patients With Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer
Who cites it
273 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 427 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cancer cachexia reduces the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in cancer patients.Aging · 2024Pooled it
- Comprehensive Review: Unveiling the Pro-Oncogenic Roles of IL-1ß and PD-1/PD-L1 in NSCLC Development and Targeting Their Pathways for Clinical Management.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Pooled it
- Imaging-based adipose biomarkers for predicting clinical outcomes of cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: a systematic review.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Pooled it
- Atezolizumab following definitive chemoradiotherapy in patients with unresectable locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma - a multicenter phase 2 trial (EPOC1802).Nature cancer · 2025Trial
- Immune checkpoints and immunoregulation in metabolic diseases and cancers: pathological mechanisms and therapeutic potential.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Remodeling the Immune Landscape: How Obesity-Induced SASPs Create a Pro-Tumorigenic Niche.Current obesity reports · 2026Review
- Metabolic-epigenetic crosstalk in innate immune cell plasticity within the tumor microenvironment.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Enhanced efficacy of a next-generation EEEV self-replicating RNA platform for combination cancer immunotherapies.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2026Article
- Cachexia index as a prognostic indicator in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma treated with nivolumab plus ipilimumab: multicenter analysis.International journal of clinical oncology · 2026Article
- Spatially resolved profiling of extracellular vesicles in tissues with Spatial-EV-seq.Nature biotechnology · 2026Article
- NOXA/MCL-1 axis determines cell-death decision between apoptosis and a GSDME-dependent cell death associated with production of inflammatory cytokines upon treatment of breast cancer cells with antimitotics.Cell death & disease · 2026Article
- A systemic immune signature stratifies early-stage breast cancer patients and reveals soluble IL-2RA and PD-1 as potential independent prognostic biomarkers.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2026Article
- Chemotherapy induces an IL1β-dependent neutrophil recruitment and activation that promote chemoresistance in metastatic ovarian cancer.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Article
- NFYB-lncRNA axis resets the tumor microenvironment to promote HCC aggressive progression by a positive feedback loop.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2026Article
- Progress in Designing Cytokine Antagonist Antibodies for Cancer Therapy.BioDrugs : clinical immunotherapeutics, biopharmaceuticals and gene therapy · 2026Review
- Irradiated Tumor Cell-Derived Microparticles Activate Systemic Anti-Tumor Immunity via the STING/NLRP3/GSDMD Axis in Neutrophils.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Colorectal microenvironment determines the prognosis of colorectal cancer.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2026Article
- The molecular mechanisms of pyroptosis and its implications in tumor immunotherapy.Molecular cancer · 2026Review
- Dissecting the impact of Controlling Nutritional Status (CONUT) score on survival outcomes and immune-inflammatory profiles in patients with advanced NSCLC undergoing first-line immunotherapy.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Article
- Consolidative Radical Cystectomy Following Neoadjuvant Tislelizumab Plus Gemcitabine and Cisplatin in Clinically Lymph Node-positive Bladder Cancer: A Prospective Study.European urology open science · 2026Article
213 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is abundant in the tumor microenvironment, where this cytokine can promote tumor growth, but also antitumor activities. We studied IL-1β during early tumor progression using a model of orthotopically introduced 4T1 breast cancer cells. Whereas there is tumor progression and spontaneous metastasis in wild-type (WT) mice, in IL-1β-deficient mice, tumors begin to grow but subsequently regress. This change is due to recruitment and differentiation of inflammatory monocytes in the tumor microenvironment. In WT mice, macrophages heavily infiltrate tumors, but in IL-1β-deficient mice, low levels of the chemokine CCL2 hamper recruitment of monocytes and, together with low levels of colony-stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1), inhibit their differentiation into macrophages. The low levels of macrophages in IL-1β-deficient mice result in a relatively high percentage of CD11b
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.