ArticleBMC musculoskeletal disorders2018
Epidemiology of Adult Ankle Fractures: 1756 cases identified in Norrbotten County during 2009-2013 and classified according to AO/OTA.
Article in BMC musculoskeletal disorders, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 92 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effects of Vitamin K2 Supplements on Recovery of Lower Limb Muscle Function After Ankle Injury in Adults
Use of Topical Broad-spectrum Antibiotics as a Prophylaxis for Surgical Site Infection
Who cites it
92 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 182 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparison of gait parameters between post-surgery ankle fracture patients and healthy individuals: a systematic review and meta-review.Biomedical engineering online · 2025Pooled it
- Comparative efficacy of cast immobilization versus removable braces in patients with ankle fractures: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2025Pooled it
- OUTCOMES AFTER UNSTABLE FRACTURES OF THE ANKLE: WHAT'S NEW? A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW.Orthopedic reviews · 2022Pooled it
- Closed reduction and percutaneous fixation versus open reduction and internal fixation for displaced medial malleolar fractures: a randomized controlled trial.European journal of trauma and emergency surgery : official publication of the European Trauma Society · 2026Trial
- Cast immobilisation versus surgery for unstable lateral malleolus fractures (SUPER-FIN): randomised non-inferiority clinical trial.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2026Trial
- Percutaneous versus open cannulated screws fixation for displaced isolated medial malleolar fractures in adults: a randomized controlled clinical trial.Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery · 2025Trial
- Prospective randomized controlled trial: early weight bearing after conservative treatment of Weber B ankle fractures (pancake trial).European journal of orthopaedic surgery & traumatology : orthopedie traumatologie · 2024Trial
- Comparison between headless compression screws and tension band wires for the fixation of medial malleolar fractures: a prospective randomized trial.Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery · 2022Trial
- Large Language Models for Ankle Fracture Classification and Management Prediction from Routine Clinical Documentation: A Single-Center Exploratory Study.Journal of imaging informatics in medicine · 2026Article
- Morphological Study of Weber Type A Lateral Malleolar Fractures.Orthopaedic surgery · 2026Article
- Predicting need for and effect of external fixation in closed ankle fractures: a retrospective case-control study.Musculoskeletal surgery · 2026Article
- Computed Tomography-Based Comparison of Anterior and Posterior Cortical Thickness Around the Interfragmentary Screw Fixation Level in Weber B Lateral Malleolar Fractures.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Evaluating the Costs of Surgically Managed Ankle Fractures Treated in an Inpatient vs Outpatient Setting: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Foot & ankle orthopaedics · 2026Article
- Diagnostic Performance of Artificial Intelligence (AI) Chatbot Compared to Orthopedic Trauma Surgeons in Evaluating Indication for Surgery for Isolated Lateral Malleolar Fractures: a Retrospective Study.Acta chirurgiae orthopaedicae et traumatologiae Cechoslovaca · 2026Observational
- Tourniquet effect on rocuronium use during lower extremity fracture fixation.Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery · 2026Article
- Machine learning prediction of post-traumatic osteoarthritis based on three-dimensional printing-derived joint congruence biomechanics in ankle fractures.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Risk factors for traumatic fracture related infection in surgically treated ankle fracture: A multicenter retrospective study.Chinese journal of traumatology = Zhonghua chuang shang za zhi · 2026Article
- Unicortical Versus Bicortical Screw Fixation for Medial Malleolus Fractures: A Retrospective Comparative Study.Cureus · 2025Article
- Article
- Nationwide incidence of lateral malleolar fracture surgery across 6 European countries: has recent evidence changed clinical practice?Acta orthopaedica · 2025Article
32 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe ankle fracture is one of the most common fractures, increasing in an ageing population, but not generally seen as an osteoporotic fracture. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between different AO/OTA classes of ankle fractures, age, sex and type of trauma.
methodsAnkle fractures, treated at any of the hospitals in Norrbotten County in Sweden between 2009 and 2013, were retrospectively identified and classified according to the AO/OTA-classification system. Information about the trauma mechanism was also obtained.
resultsIn Norrbotten County, 1756 ankle fractures in 1735 patients aged 20 years or older were identified. This gave an incidence in the county of 179 per 100,000 person-years. Of these patients, 34.6% were 65 years or older, 58.4% were women and 68.2% of the trauma leading to a fracture was defined as low-energy. In 1.5% of the cases the fractures were open. Incidences of type B fractures increased substantially with age, from 62 (95% CI 50-77) at 30-39 years of age to 158 (95% CI 131-190) in patients older than 80 years of age per 100,000 person-years. Type B fractures showed a slightly higher proportion of low-energy trauma while type C showed a lower mean age and proportion of women.
conclusionsThis study shows an incidence of 179 adult ankle fractures annually per 100,000 persons. More than two thirds of the fractures were caused by a low-energy trauma and ankle fractures are more frequent among females. Females generally have an increased incidence during their life, mainly between the ages of 30 and 60. This is in contrast to men who have more of an even distribution throughout their life. Classification according to AO/OTA reveals some heterogeneity among the classes of ankle fractures in age and gender as well as the energy involved in the trauma.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.