Evidence map›Paper›PMID 30545283›Full record

ArticleGenetics, selection, evolution : GSE2018

Impact of index hopping and bias towards the reference allele on accuracy of genotype calls from low-coverage sequencing.

Roger Ros-Freixedes, Mara Battagin, Martin Johnsson, Gregor Gorjanc, Alan J Mileham, Steve D Rounsley, John M Hickey

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Genetics, selection, evolution : GSE, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
29citing papers in PubMed
4.5field-weighted citation impact, top 5% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

29 citing papers in PubMed, 70 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Genomic Insights Into Host Shifts BetweenEvolutionary applications · 2026
    Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Review
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Review
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.

Roger Ros-FreixedesThe Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, Scotland, UK. roger.ros@roslin.ed.ac.uk.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3745-6736
Mara BattaginThe Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, Scotland, UK.
Martin JohnssonThe Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, Scotland, UK.
Gregor GorjancThe Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, Scotland, UK.
Alan J MilehamGenus plc, 1525 River Road, DeForest, WI, 53532, USA.
Steve D RounsleyGenus plc, 1525 River Road, DeForest, WI, 53532, USA.
John M HickeyThe Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, Scotland, UK.
Roslin Institute · GBGenus (United States) · US

Funding

Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council BB/L020467/1Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council BB/M009254/1Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council BB/N004736/1Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council BB/N015339/1Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council BBS/E/D/30002275Innovate UK 102271Svenska Forskningsrådet Formas (SE) 2016-01386
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundInherent sources of error and bias that affect the quality of sequence data include index hopping and bias towards the reference allele. The impact of these artefacts is likely greater for low-coverage data than for high-coverage data because low-coverage data has scant information and many standard tools for processing sequence data were designed for high-coverage data. With the proliferation of cost-effective low-coverage sequencing, there is a need to understand the impact of these errors and bias on resulting genotype calls from low-coverage sequencing.

resultsWe used a dataset of 26 pigs sequenced both at 2× with multiplexing and at 30× without multiplexing to show that index hopping and bias towards the reference allele due to alignment had little impact on genotype calls. However, pruning of alternative haplotypes supported by a number of reads below a predefined threshold, which is a default and desired step of some variant callers for removing potential sequencing errors in high-coverage data, introduced an unexpected bias towards the reference allele when applied to low-coverage sequence data. This bias reduced best-guess genotype concordance of low-coverage sequence data by 19.0 absolute percentage points.

conclusionsWe propose a simple pipeline to correct the preferential bias towards the reference allele that can occur during variant discovery and we recommend that users of low-coverage sequence data be wary of unexpected biases that may be produced by bioinformatic tools that were designed for high-coverage sequence data.

Indexed as

AllelesAnimalsBiasComputational BiologyGene FrequencyGenetic VariationGenotypeHaplotypesHigh-Throughput Nucleotide SequencingPolymorphism, Single NucleotideResearch DesignSequence Analysis, DNASwine

Identifiers

PMID30545283
PMCPMC6293637
OpenAlexW2950425965

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.