ArticleEndocrinology2019
Sex Differences in Inflammatory Responses to Adipose Tissue Lipolysis in Diet-Induced Obesity.
Article in Endocrinology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 63 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
63 citing papers in PubMed, 80 citations in OpenAlex.
- One week of overeating upregulates angiogenic and lipolytic gene expression in human subcutaneous adipose tissue from exercise trained and untrained adults.Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme · 2022Trial
- The mitigation of activity-based anorexia by obese adipose tissue transplant is abolished by neonatal AgRP neuron ablation.Translational psychiatry · 2026Article
- Sex Differences in the Impact of Obesity on Immunity.Immunological reviews · 2026Review
- Engineering controlled-release steroid therapeutics: fabrication and molecular design of self-assembled microparticles.Science advances · 2026Article
- Adipose tissue ceramides: emerging lipid components of extracellular vesicles and their influence on metabolic dysregulation.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Review
- Adipocyte-specific deletion of the mineralocorticoid receptor improves glucose homeostasis and associates with FGF21-adiponectin signalling in obese male mice.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Article
- Sex specific pattern of adipose expansion, inflammation and dysfunction with short term high fat diet exposure.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Global ecological associations between overweight/obesity and non-communicable disease prevalence among children aged 5-9 years: a sex-stratified analysis of 174 countries.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Physical activity and subclinical atherosclerosis in chronic Chagas disease: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Sex-specific insights in atherosclerosis and pulmonary arterial hypertension: an overlooked comorbidity.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Review
- Sex-Specific Cardiovascular Protection in Developing Metabolic Syndrome: The Role of AMPK.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Sex differences in the lipid profiles of visceral adipose tissue with obesity and gonadectomy.Journal of lipid research · 2025Article
- Hallmarks of Cancer Cachexia: Sexual Dimorphism in Related Pathways.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Chronic Psychological Stress Activates TRP/TAM/CXCL1 Signaling to Promote Breast Cancer Adipocyte Lipolysis via KEAP1 mResearch (Washington, D.C.) · 2025Article
- Natural killer cells in multiple sclerosis: foe or friends?Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2025Review
- Serum metabolome profiling in patients with mild cognitive impairment reveals sex differences in lipid metabolism.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- The influence of sex on neuroimmune communication, pain, and physiology.Biology of sex differences · 2024Review
- Intramuscular diacylglycerol accumulates with acute hyperinsulinemia in insulin-resistant phenotypes.American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism · 2024Article
- Obesity Inhibits Alveolar Macrophage Responses to Pseudomonas aeruginosa Pneumonia via Upregulation of Prostaglandin E2 in Male, but Not Female, Mice.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2024Article
- T cells in obesity-associated inflammation: The devil is in the details.Immunological reviews · 2024Review
3 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Males are known to have profound adipose tissue macrophage (ATM) accumulation in gonadal white adipose tissue (GWAT) during obesity, whereas females are protected from such an inflammatory response even with increased adiposity. The inflammatory tone in males is linked to insulin resistance and might be the underlying cause for sex differences in metabolic disease. Factors regulating the meta-inflammatory response remain unclear but enhanced lipid storage in females may explain the reduced inflammatory response to high-fat diets. In this study, we evaluated lean and obese females with stimulated lipolysis to understand whether a stress release of free fatty acids (FFAs) could induce female ATMs. We demonstrate that in both lean and obese females, GWAT CD11c- resident ATMs accumulate with β-3 adrenergic receptor-stimulated lipolysis. Lipolysis elevated serum FFA, triglyceride, and IL-6 levels in females that corresponded to significant phosphorylated hormone-sensitive lipase and adipose triglyceride lipase protein expression in obese female GWAT compared with males. Increased lipolytic response in obese females was associated with crown-like structures and induced Il6, Mcp1, Arg1, and Mgl1 expression in obese female GWAT, suggesting an environment of lipid clearance and adipose remodeling. With this finding we next investigated whether lipid storage and lipolytic mediators differed by sex. Diacylglycerol, ceramides, phospholipids, and certain fatty acid species associated with inflammation were elevated in male GWAT compared with obese female GWAT. Overall, our data demonstrate a role for GWAT lipid storage and lipolytic metabolites to induce inflammation in males and induce remodeling in females that might explain sex differences in overall metabolic health.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.