ArticlePloS one2018
Implementing the package of CDC and WHO recommended linkage services: Methods, outcomes, and costs of the Bukoba Tanzania Combination Prevention Evaluation peer-delivered, linkage case management program, 2014-2017.
Article in PloS one, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 19 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Evaluating phone call follow-ups in Sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2025Pooled it
- Do Peer Navigators Improve Initiation and Retention in HIV/VH/STI Treatment Programs for People From Key Populations? A Systematic Review of Effectiveness, Values and Preferences, and Cost.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2024Pooled it
- A Systematic Review of Linkage-to-Care and Antiretroviral Initiation Implementation Strategies in Low- and Middle-Income Countries Across Sub-Saharan Africa.AIDS and behavior · 2022Pooled it
- Cost-outcome analysis of HIV testing and counseling, linkage, and defaulter tracing services in Bukoba, Tanzania.AIDS care · 2024Article
- Understanding effective post-test linkage strategies for HIV prevention and care: a scoping review.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2024Article
- Strategies to improve antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation and early engagement among men in sub-Saharan Africa: A scoping review of interventions in the era of universal treatment.Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH · 2023Article
- Twelve months antiretroviral therapy retention among clients newly enrolled to care and treatment services in Geita Regin, Tanzania: does universal test and treat matter?The Pan African medical journal · 2023Article
- Interruptions in treatment among adults on anti-retroviral therapy before and after test-and-treat policy in Tanzania.PloS one · 2023Article
- Peer Approaches to Improve HIV Care Cascade Outcomes: a Scoping Review Focused on Peer Behavioral Mechanisms.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2022Article
- Antiretroviral therapy initiation and retention among clients who received peer-delivered linkage case management and standard linkage services, Eswatini, 2016-2020: retrospective comparative cohort study.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2022Article
- Costs of implementing community-based intervention for HIV testing in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review.Implementation science communications · 2021Review
- Overcoming Barriers to HIV Care: Findings from a Peer-Delivered, Community-Based, Linkage Case Management Program (CommLink), Eswatini, 2015-2018.AIDS and behavior · 2021Article
- Is patient navigation a solution to the problem of "leaving no one behind"? A scoping review of evidence from low-income countries.Health policy and planning · 2021Article
- Community-wide HIV testing, linkage case management, and defaulter tracing in Bukoba, Tanzania: pre-intervention and post-intervention, population-based survey evaluation.The lancet. HIV · 2020Article
- The Influence of Social Networks on Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation Among HIV-Infected Antiretroviral Therapy-Naive Youth in Rural Kenya and Uganda.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2020Article
- Trend of HIV transmitted drug resistance before and after implementation of HAART regimen restriction in the treatment of HIV-1 infected patients in southern Taiwan.BMC infectious diseases · 2019Article
- Threefold Increases in Population HIV Viral Load Suppression Among Men and Young Adults - Bukoba Municipal Council, Tanzania, 2014-2017.MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report · 2019Article
- Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
19 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Although several studies have evaluated one or more linkage services to improve early enrollment in HIV care in Tanzania, none have evaluated the package of linkage services recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the World Health Organization (WHO). We describe the uptake of each component of the CDC/WHO recommended package of linkage services, and early enrollment in HIV care and antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation among persons with HIV who participated in a peer-delivered, linkage case management (LCM) program implemented in Bukoba, Tanzania, October 2014 -May 2017. Of 4206 participants (88% newly HIV diagnosed), most received recommended services including counseling on the importance of early enrollment in care and ART (100%); escort by foot or car to an HIV care and treatment clinic (CTC) (83%); treatment navigation at a CTC (94%); telephone support and appointment reminders (77% among clients with cellphones); and counseling on HIV-status disclosure and partner/family testing (77%), and on barriers to care (69%). During three periods with different ART-eligibility thresholds [CD4<350 (Oct 2014 -Dec 2015, n = 2233), CD4≤500 (Jan 2016 -Sept 2016, n = 1221), and Test & Start (Oct 2016 -May 2017, n = 752)], 90%, 96%, and 97% of clients enrolled in HIV care, and 47%, 67%, and 86% of clients initiated ART, respectively, within three months of diagnosis. Of 463 LCM clients who participated in the last three months of the rollout of Test & Start, 91% initiated ART. Estimated per-client cost was $44 United States dollars (USD) for delivering LCM services in communities and facilities overall, and $18 USD for a facility-only model with task shifting. Well accepted by persons with HIV, peer-delivered LCM services recommended by CDC and WHO can achieve near universal early ART initiation in the Test & Start era at modest cost and should be considered for implementation in facilities and communities experiencing <90% early enrollment in ART care.
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