ReviewJournal of medical toxicology : official journal of the American College of Medical Toxicology2019
A Review on Ingested Cyanide: Risks, Clinical Presentation, Diagnostics, and Treatment Challenges.
Review in Journal of medical toxicology : official journal of the American College of Medical Toxicology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Cyanide Beyond Toxicity: A Systematic Review of Its Effects on Vascular Function.Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology · 2025Pooled it
- A Colorimetric Sensor for Cyanide Ion Detection Using a Poly(TCDA)-Based Material Sensor.ACS omega · 2026Article
- Candidate Cyanide Resistance Genes in Eutardigrade (Tardigrada) Genomes and KCN Resistance ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Unveiling enhanced HCN sensing: a comparative DFT study on reactivity and sensitivity of X-doped biphenylene nanotubes (X = B, Al, and Ga).Scientific reports · 2026Article
- One-pot-synthesized anthracene-based chemodosimeter for toxic cyanide (CNRSC advances · 2026Article
- Case Report: Successful multimodal management of a lethal cyanide poisoning - insights into the role of early blood purification and potential bedside monitoring indicators.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Development of a dual-chamber derivatization method for the determination of cyanide in sodium nitroprusside and its preparation via HS-GC-ECD.Journal of pharmaceutical analysis · 2026Article
- A clinical review of acute poisoning among pediatric individuals.European journal of medical research · 2025Article
- Surviving cyanide poisoning: A case report highlighting the role of early antidote use.Toxicology reports · 2025Article
- Exploring the association between volatile organic compound exposure and chronic kidney disease: evidence from explainable machine learning methods.Renal failure · 2025Article
- Intranasal Dimethyl Trisulfide: Long-Term Efficacy in an Acutely Lethal Large Swine Model of Cyanide Exposure.Journal of medical toxicology : official journal of the American College of Medical Toxicology · 2025Article
- The effects of potassium cyanide on tardigrade Paramacrobiotus experimentalis.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Redirecting Intermediary Metabolism to Counteract Cyanide Poisoning.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2025Review
- Novel UHPLC-(+ESI)MS/MS Method for Determining Amygdalin, Prunasin and Total Cyanide in Almond Kernels and Hulls (Journal of agricultural and food chemistry · 2025Article
- Regulation of mammalian cellular metabolism by endogenous cyanide production.Nature metabolism · 2025Article
- Cyanide Medical Countermeasure Development: Assessing the Efficacy of Intramuscular Sodium Tetrathionate for the Treatment of Acute, Severe Cyanide Toxicity in Swine (Sus scrofa).Journal of medical toxicology : official journal of the American College of Medical Toxicology · 2025Article
- Cyanide and Cyanogenic Compounds-Toxicity, Molecular Targets, and Therapeutic Agents.Biomolecules · 2024Review
- How does pharmacological and toxicological knowledge evolve? A case study on hydrogen cyanide in German pharmacology and toxicology textbooks from 1878 to 2020.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2024Article
- Electrochemical aptasensor for 2-amino-2-thiazoline-4-carboxylic acid (ATCA), a metabolite for cyanide poisoning.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Designing Stimuli-Responsive Supramolecular Gels by Tuning the Non-Covalent Interactions of the Functional Groups.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cyanide, a metabolic poison, is a rising chemial threat and ingestion is the most common route of exposure. Terrorist organizations have threatened to attack the USA and international food and water supplies. The toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics of oral cyanide are unique, resulting in high-dose exposures, severe symptoms, and slower onset of symptoms. There are no FDA-approved therapies tested for oral cyanide ingestions and no approved intramuscular or oral therapies, which would be valuable in mass casualty settings. The aim of this review is to evaluate the risks of oral cyanide and its unique toxicokinetics, as well as address the lack of available rapid diagnostics and treatments for mass casualty events. We will also review current strategies for developing new therapies. A review of the literature using the PRISMA checklist detected 7284 articles, screened 1091, and included 59 articles or other reports. Articles referenced in this review were specific to risk, clinical presentation, diagnostics, current treatments, and developing therapies. Current diagnostics of cyanide exposure can take hours or days, which can delay treatment. Moreover, current therapies for cyanide poisoning are administered intravenously and are not specifically tested for oral exposures, which can result in higher cyanide doses and unique toxicodynamics. New therapies developed for oral cyanide exposures that are easily delivered, safe, and can be administered quickly by first responders in a mass casualty event are needed. Current research is aimed at identifying an antidote that is safe, effective, easy to administer, and has a rapid onset of action.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.