ArticleJournal of diabetes research2018
Th1/Th2 Dichotomy in Obese Women with Gestational Diabetes and Their Macrosomic Babies.
Article in Journal of diabetes research, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cardiovascular risk factors in women with previous gestational diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2021Pooled it
- Immune dysregulation linking pre-pregnancy obesity to gestational diabetes mellitus.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Abnormal peripheral cellular immune profiles in gestational diabetes mellitus: A meta-analysis.World journal of diabetes · 2025Article
- Impact of Sucrose Consumption on the Metabolic, Immune, and Redox Profile of Mice with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Shaping immunity: the influence of the maternal gut bacteria on fetal immune development.Seminars in immunopathology · 2025Review
- Exposure to gestational diabetes mellitus increases subclinical inflammation mediated in part by obesity.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2024Article
- Adverse effects of gestational diabetes mellitus on fetal monocytes revealed by single-cell RNA sequencing.iScience · 2024Article
- Immunometabolic adaptation and immune plasticity in pregnancy and the bi-directional effects of obesity.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2022Article
- Predictive Value of Immune Cells in the Risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Pilot Study.Frontiers in clinical diabetes and healthcare · 2022Article
- Early markers of gestational diabetes mellitus: what we know and which way forward?Biochemia medica · 2021Review
- Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Maternal Immune Dysregulation: What We Know So Far.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Branding of subjects affected with genetic syndromes of severe short stature in developing countries.BMJ case reports · 2020Article
- Th2-Immune Polarizing and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Insulin Are Not Effective in Type 2 Diabetic Pregnancy.Journal of immunology research · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The aim of the study was to assess T cell differentiation and the modulation of inflammatory cytokines in obese and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) women and their macrosomic newborns. Hence, immediately after delivery, blood samples were collected through the mother's arm vein and the umbilical cordon vein. Biochemical parameters measured were HbA1C, glucose, insulin, triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (Tchol), HDL cholesterol (HDLchol), and LDL cholesterol (LDLchol). T lymphocytes were purified from the total blood with Ficoll-Paque. The mRNA expression of inflammatory markers in T cells was determined by RT-qPCR. We observed that diabetic mothers exhibited higher HbA1C, glycemia, insulinemia, TG, Tchol, HDLchol, and LDLchol levels than control mothers. Glycemia was not significantly different between macrosomic and control newborns. However, insulinemia was high in macrosomic babies. TG, Tchol, HDLchol, and LDLchol were not significantly different between macrosomic and control babies. In diabetic mothers, mRNA expression of the Th1 cell subtype was significantly increased. Th1 markers were upregulated in babies born to diabetic women than in control newborns. However, expression of two Th2 markers (GATA3 and IL-4) was not significantly different between control and GDM women and between their respective newborns. Interestingly, IL-10 mRNA expression was decreased in diabetic mothers and their offsprings. The Th1/Th2 cytokine ratio was increased in GDM obese mothers and their macrosomic newborns, suggesting a proinflammatory status in these subjects.
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