ArticleBMC public health2018
Association of night eating habits with metabolic syndrome and its components: a longitudinal study.
Article in BMC public health, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 103 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
103 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 182 citations in OpenAlex.
- Temporal Eating Patterns and Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review.Current nutrition reports · 2025Pooled it
- Daily Timing of Meals and Weight Loss After Bariatric Surgery: a Systematic Review.Obesity surgery · 2021Pooled it
- Effects of later dinner timing on subsequent metabolic function and nocturnal sleep in healthy young women.Journal of physiological anthropology · 2026Trial
- Evaluating the evening carbohydrate dilemma: the effect of within-the-day carbohydrate periodization on body composition and physical fitness.European journal of nutrition · 2024Trial
- An Earlier First Meal Timing Associates with Weight Loss Effectiveness in A 12-Week Weight Loss Support Program.Nutrients · 2022Trial
- Prolonged, Controlled Daytime versus Delayed Eating Impacts Weight and Metabolism.Current biology : CB · 2021Trial
- Associations between temporal meal patterns, cardiovascular risk factors and cardiovascular disease in Swedish adults: cross-sectional and nested case-control analyses.European journal of nutrition · 2026Article
- Discordance Between BMI-Defined Overweight/Obesity and Waist-to-Height Ratio-Defined Central Obesity Among Adults with Type 2 Diabetes in Malawi: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Association between circadian rest-activity rhythm and meal timing: NHANES 2013-2014.Sleep health · 2026Article
- A data-driven trajectory analysis reveals associations between temporal patterns of within-day energy intake and mortality risk in U.S. adults: NHANES 2005-2018.European journal of nutrition · 2026Article
- Timing of food intake, chrononutritional behavior patterns, and risk of metabolic syndrome in the French NutriNet-Santé cohort.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Dietary rhythms and biological aging risk across multiple organs.NPJ science of food · 2026Article
- The interplay of night eating syndrome with resting metabolic rate, anthropometric measures, and sleep quality in normal-weight female university students: a case-control study.Journal of eating disorders · 2026Article
- Association of shift work with body weight, stress, sleep, and dietary intake in prison officers and firefighters.European journal of nutrition · 2026Article
- Beyond calories: the effect of meal patterns on obesity risk in the IRanian National Obesity Registry.Journal of cardiovascular and thoracic research · 2026Article
- Multiomics insights into eating time patterns and cardiovascular risk among Chinese children.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Chrononutrition and cardiometabolic health: circadian timing as a dimension of precision nutrition.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Review
- Maternal overweight and obesity among pregnant women in public hospitals of eastern Ethiopia: Multicentre cross-sectional study.SAGE open medicine · 2026Article
- Gender disparities in complex association of metabolic syndrome with dietary habits and lifestyle risk factors in Chinese population.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Article
43 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundNight time eating is a risk factor for metabolic syndrome and obesity. The aim of this study was to investigate whether dinner immediately before bed, snacks after dinner, or combinations of both were associated with metabolic syndrome and its components in a large Japanese cohort.
methodsWe enrolled 8153 adults aged 40-54 years who participated in specific medical checkups in an Okayama facility from 2009 to 2010 and from 2013 to 2014. Age-adjusted and multivariable-adjusted odds ratios of metabolic syndrome and its components in participants with both night eating habits for an average of 3.9 years were evaluated. The relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI) was utilized to determine the supra-additive interaction of both eating habits on metabolic syndrome and its components.
resultsThe multivariable-adjusted odds ratio for obesity for those with both eating habits compared to those with neither habit was 2.11 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.42-3.15) for men and 3.02 (95%CI, 1.72-5.29) for women. Both habits had a supra-additive interaction effect on obesity development in women (RERI, 1.67; RERI%, 85.0; p = 0.058), although this result was not significant. In women, there was an association between eating habits at night and metabolic syndrome, but in men it was unrelated. Both night eating habits were associated with dyslipidemia in men and women.
conclusionsThese findings suggest the need for intervention and awareness among individuals with night eating habits to mitigate further complications.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.