SynthesisClinical oral investigations2019
Efficacy of chlorhexidine rinses after periodontal or implant surgery: a systematic review.
Synthesis in Clinical oral investigations, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 62 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Antiseptic Effects on the Dental Implant Internal Surface Microbiome
Impact of Periodontal Therapy on Function and Quality of Life in Stage III Periodontitis
Who cites it
62 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 121 citations in OpenAlex.
- Expert consensus on the use of oral antiseptics in oral surgery: Evidence-based clinical practice guidelines.Medicina oral, patologia oral y cirugia bucal · 2026Guideline
- The Effect of Cetylpyridinium Chloride Compared to Chlorhexidine Mouthwash on Scores of Plaque and Gingivitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses.International journal of dental hygiene · 2025Pooled it
- Effectiveness of chlorhexidine in preventing infections among patients undergoing cardiac surgeries: a meta-analysis and systematic review.Antimicrobial resistance and infection control · 2021Pooled it
- Evaluation of the effects of a gel containing green tea and hyaluronic acid on clinical and Microbiological outcomes following periodontal surgery. A randomized, controlled, double-blinded, noninferiority trial.Clinical oral investigations · 2026Trial
- Comparison of Chlorhexidine, Chlorhexidine with anti-discoloration system, and Polyvinylpyrrolidone-iodine on early wound healing after dental implant placement: A randomized clinical trial.Clinical oral investigations · 2025Trial
- Effect of a gel containing green tea extract and hyaluronic acid on palate pain scores and wound healing after free gingival graft: a quasi-randomized controlled clinical trial.Clinical oral investigations · 2023Trial
- Comparison of an Herbal- and a 0.12% Chlorhexidine-based Oral Rinse as Adjuncts to Nonsurgical Mechanical Debridement in the Management of Peri-implant Mucositis: A Randomised Controlled Trial.Oral health & preventive dentistry · 2020Trial
- Article
- Aetiology of early implant failure: a scoping review.Clinical oral investigations · 2026Article
- Comparative Evaluation of Augmentation Stability of L-Shaped Collagenated Soft Block Bone with Physically Crosslinked and Non-Crosslinked Collagen Membranes: A Retrospective Observational Cohort Study.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Combined effects of nitrate and antimicrobial compounds on in vitro subgingival biofilms.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Compound Chamomile and Lidocaine Hydrochloride Gel in Oral Diseases: A Review of Current Evidence and Potential Applications.Drug design, development and therapy · 2026Review
- Antimicrobial effect of plantago major extract against streptococcus mutans in dental caries formation.Brazilian dental journal · 2026Article
- Antibacterial Effect of Combined Electrolytic and Chemical Decontamination Methods on Dental Implant Surfaces: In Vitro Study.Clinical oral implants research · 2025Article
- A Chlorhexidine Nanocarrier Strategy to Combat Oral Candidiasis Microcosm Biofilms.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Antiseptics Prescription for the Prevention and Treatment of Periodontal Diseases: A Comprehensive Review.Health science reports · 2025Article
- The Effect of Antimicrobial Agents on Implant Surface Wettability Changes: An In-Vitro Study.Oral health & preventive dentistry · 2025Article
- Comparison of Chlorhexidine Gluconate, Sodium Hypochlorite, Neem Extract, and Microwave Radiation for Disinfection of Type IV Dental Stone.European journal of dentistry · 2025Article
- The Antimicrobial Effect of a Low-Frequency Square Wave Compared to Chlorhexidine.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Color stability of frequently used aesthetic restorative materials following in vitro exposure to chlorhexidine- and octenidine-based mouthrinses.BMC oral health · 2025Article
2 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundBiofilm management and infection control are essential after periodontal and implant surgery. In this context, chlorhexidine (CHX) mouth-rinses are frequently recommended post-surgically. Despite its common use and many studies in this field, a systematic evaluation of the benefits after periodontal or implant surgery is-surprisingly-still missing.
objectivesTo evaluate the benefits of chlorhexidine rinsing after periodontal or implant surgery in terms of plaque and inflammation reduction potential. Furthermore, to screen whether the concentration changes or additives in CHX solutions reduce side effects associated with its use. MATERIALS AND
methodsA systematic literature search was performed for clinical trials, which compared CHX rinsing after periodontal or implant surgery with rinsing using placebo, non-staining formulations, or solutions with reduced concentrations of the active compound. Four databases (Medline, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane) were searched up to June 2018. Two reviewers independently identified and screened the literature.
resultsFrom 691 titles identified, only eleven publications met the inclusion criteria and were finally included. Mainly early publications assessed the benefits of CHX over placebo rinsing, whereas more recent publications focused more on the evaluation of new formulations with regard to effectiveness and side effects. The use of CHX after surgery showed in general significant reduction in plaque (means of 29-86% after 1 week) and bleeding (up to 73%) as compared to placebo. No consensus, however, was found regarding the most beneficial CHX formulation avoiding side effects.
conclusionChlorhexidine rinsing helps to reduce biofilm formation and gingival inflammation after surgery. However, no additional reduction of periodontal probing depth over any given placebo or control solution could be found irrespective of whether CHX was used or not. The use of additives such as antidiscoloration systems (ADS) or herbal extracts may reduce side effects while retaining efficacy. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Within the limitations of this review, it can be concluded that CHX may represent a valuable chemo-preventive tool immediately after surgery, during the time period in which oral hygiene capacity is compromised. To reduce the side effects of CHX and maintain comparable clinical effects, rinsing with less concentrated formulations (e.g., 0.12%) showed the most promising results so far.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.