ArticlePloS one2018
Ever-increasing Caesarean section and its economic burden in Bangladesh.
Article in PloS one, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 77 citations in OpenAlex.
- Caesarean delivery and its association with educational attainment, wealth index, and place of residence in Sub-Saharan Africa: a meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2022Pooled it
- Trial
- Implementation of Robson's ten-group classification system for cesarean section rates at a tertiary university hospital in Egypt: a prospective study.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Observational
- The cesarean epidemic in Bangladesh: Associated factors and maternal health risks.Journal of public health research · 2026Article
- Identifying factors contributing to health workers' preferences for elective caesarean section: a qualitative study.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Article
- Beyond the scar: a qualitative study on the physical, psychosocial and economic impacts of caesarean section in Keonjhar District of Odisha.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Article
- From medical necessity to private-sector dominance: a two-decade evolution of caesarean section determinants in Bangladesh (2004-2022).Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Prevalence and correlates of cesarean section delivery and physician attendance during cesarean section in Bangladesh: evidence from nationally representative data 2017-18.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Article
- Factors Associated With Postoperative Pain Severity and Patient Satisfaction Among Post-Caesarean Women in Rajshahi District, Bangladesh.Anesthesiology research and practice · 2026Article
- Associated Factors for Cesarean Section in Pregnant Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus.International journal of women's health · 2026Article
- Patterns and stakeholder-perceived drivers of Caesarean section practices: Evidence from a multicenter study in a lower-middle-income country.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- Article
- The price of equality: determinants of the convergence in delivery costs in Bangladesh.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Sociodemographic trends associated with caesarean delivery in rural subdistricts of Bangladesh: a cohort study, 2005-2019.BMJ global health · 2025Article
- Comparative study on caesarian and normal vaginal delivery, Rajshahi Division, Bangladesh.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Health facility cost of caesarean delivery at tertiary level hospital in Tunisia using time-driven activity-based costing.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Article
- Re-Striking the Indications in the Improvement of Avoidable Caesarian Section: A Cluster Randomized Control Trial.Health science reports · 2025Article
- Perioperative enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) for non-malignant gynaecological conditions.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025Article
- Prevalence and associated factors of caesarean section delivery: analysis from the Nepal Demographic and Health Survey 2022.BMJ open · 2025Article
- Preference and determinants of delivery mode in pregnant women with one cesarean scar: a cross-sectional study in two urban Ugandan public hospitals.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundCesarean Section (CS) delivery has been increasing rapidly worldwide and Bangladesh is no exception. In Bangladesh, the CS rate has increased from about 3% in 2000 to about 24% in 2014. This study examines trend in CS in Bangladesh over the last fifteen years and implications of this increasing CS rates on health care expenditures.
methodsBirth data from Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS) for the years 2000-2014 have been used for the trend analysis and 2010 Bangladesh Maternal Mortality Survey (BMMS) data were used for estimating health care expenditure associated with CS.
resultsAlthough the share of institutional deliveries increased four times over the years 2000 to 2014, the CS deliveries increased eightfold. In 2000, only 33% of institutional deliveries were conducted through CS and the rate increased to 63% in 2014. Average medical care expenditure for a CS delivery in Bangladesh was about BDT 22,085 (USD 276) in 2010 while the cost of a normal delivery was BDT 3,565 (USD 45). Health care expenditure due to CS deliveries accounted for about 66.5% of total expenditure on all deliveries in Bangladesh in 2010. About 10.3% of Total Health Expenditure (THE) in 2010 was due to delivery costs, while CS costs contribute to 6.9% of THE and rapid increase in CS deliveries will mean that delivering babies will represent even a higher proportion of THE in the future despite declining crude birth rate.
conclusionHigh CS delivery rate and the negative health outcomes associated with the procedure on mothers and child births incur huge economic burden on the families. This is creating inappropriate allocation of scarce resources in the poor economy like Bangladesh. Therefore it is important to control this unnecessary CS practices by the health providers by introducing litigation and special guidelines in the health policy.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.