Trial reportPloS one2018
A spasticity model based on feedback from muscle force explains muscle activity during passive stretches and gait in children with cerebral palsy.
Trial report in PloS one, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 50 citations in OpenAlex.
- Synergy Feedback Control Predicts Walking Across Multiple Cycles.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Synergy-based feedforward with minimal feedback control predicts walking over multiple cycles.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026Article
- Advancements in Understanding Spasticity: A Neuromusculoskeletal Modeling Perspective.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Estimating the contribution of musculoskeletal impairments to altered gait kinematics in children with cerebral palsy using predictive simulations.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2025Article
- Increased coactivation during clinical tests of spasticity is associated with increased coactivation during reactive standing balance control in cerebral palsy.Journal of neurophysiology · 2025Article
- Muscle spindle receptors and their impact on Parkinson´s disease and Cerebral Palsy subjects.Journal of muscle research and cell motility · 2025Review
- Article
- Lower Extremity Musculoskeletal Complications of Spastic Cerebral Palsy.Journal of orthopaedics and sports medicine · 2025Article
- A Velocity Stretch Reflex Threshold Based on Muscle-Tendon Unit Peak Acceleration to Detect Possible Occurrences of Spasticity during Gait in Children with Cerebral Palsy.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Robust walking control of a lower limb rehabilitation exoskeleton coupled with a musculoskeletal model via deep reinforcement learning.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2023Article
- Intra- and inter-subject variability of femoral growth plate stresses in typically developing children and children with cerebral palsy.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2023Article
- Investigation of neural and biomechanical impairments leading to pathological toe and heel gaits using neuromusculoskeletal modelling.The Journal of physiology · 2022Article
- Evaluation of force feedback in walking using joint torques as "naturalistic" stimuli.Journal of neurophysiology · 2021Article
- Perspective on musculoskeletal modelling and predictive simulations of human movement to assess the neuromechanics of gait.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2021Review
- Neurophysiological validation of simultaneous intrinsic and reflexive joint impedance estimates.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2021Article
- Quantitative Modeling of Spasticity for Clinical Assessment, Treatment and Rehabilitation.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Review
- Physics-Based Simulations to Predict the Differential Effects of Motor Control and Musculoskeletal Deficits on Gait Dysfunction in Cerebral Palsy: A Retrospective Case Study.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2020Article
- Movement History Influences Pendulum Test Kinematics in Children With Spastic Cerebral Palsy.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2020Article
- Pre-treatment EMG can be used to model post-treatment muscle coordination during walking in children with cerebral palsy.PloS one · 2020Article
- Applying Stretch to Evoke Hyperreflexia in Spasticity Testing: Velocity vs. Acceleration.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Muscle spasticity is characterized by exaggerated stretch reflexes and affects about 85% of the children with cerebral palsy. However, the mechanisms underlying spasticity and its influence on gait are not well understood. Here, we first aimed to model the response of spastic hamstrings and gastrocnemii in children with cerebral palsy to fast passive stretches. Then, we evaluated how the model applied to gait. We developed three models based on exaggerated proprioceptive feedback. The first model relied on feedback from muscle fiber length and velocity (velocity-related model), the second model relied on feedback from muscle fiber length, velocity, and acceleration (acceleration-related model), and the third model relied on feedback from muscle force and its first time derivative (force-related model). The force-related model better reproduced measured hamstrings and gastrocnemii activity during fast passive stretches (coefficients of determination (R2): 0.73 ± 0.10 and 0.60 ± 0.13, respectively, and root mean square errors (RMSE): 0.034 ± 0.031 and 0.009 ± 0.007, respectively) than the velocity-related model (R2: 0.46 ± 0.15 and 0.07 ± 0.13, and RMSE: 0.053 ± 0.051 and 0.015 ± 0.009), and the acceleration-related model (R2: 0.47 ± 0.15 and 0.09 ± 0.14, and RMSE: 0.052 ± 0.050 and 0.015 ± 0.008). Additionally, the force-related model predicted hamstrings and gastrocnemii activity that better correlated with measured activity during gait (cross correlations: 0.82 ± 0.09 and 0.85 ± 0.06, respectively) than the activity predicted by the velocity-related model (cross correlations: 0.49 ± 0.17 and 0.71 ± 0.22) and the acceleration-related model (cross correlations: 0.51 ± 0.16 and 0.67 ± 0.20). Our results therefore suggest that force encoding in muscle spindles in combination with altered feedback gains and thresholds underlie activity of spastic muscles during passive stretches and gait. Our model of spasticity opens new perspectives for studying movement impairments due to spasticity through simulation.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.