ArticleEye (London, England)2019
The involvement of T cell pathogenesis in thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy.
Article in Eye (London, England), 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 58 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
58 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 108 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association between serum immunoglobulin G4 levels and Graves' ophthalmopathy: a meta-analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Pooled it
- Meibomian gland dysfunction in patients with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Pooled it
- The diagnostic performance comparison between T2 mapping and Dixon against the activity of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of mycophenolate mofetil in the treatment of moderate to severe Graves' orbitopathy: a meta-analysis.Bioengineered · 2022Pooled it
- Gene polymorphisms of pro-inflammatory cytokines may affect the risk of Graves' disease: a meta-analysis.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2021Pooled it
- A clinical study of topical treatment for thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy with dry eye syndrome.BMC ophthalmology · 2023Trial
- Association Between Peripheral IL-2Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor mediates peripheral-central neuroimmune crosstalk in autoimmune thyroid diseases.BMC medicine · 2026Article
- Article
- Ocular manifestations and immunological profiles of thyroid eye disease with lacrimal gland enlargement.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Vitamin D dynamics predict treatment response to intravenous glucocorticoids in thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy: a retrospective cohort study.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Interleukin-27 is a multitarget regulator of fibroblast remodeling in thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy.iScience · 2025Article
- Unravelling the pathogenic mechanisms in Graves' orbitopathy.European thyroid journal · 2025Review
- METTL3 overexpression and ATF6 silencing-induced Inhibition in HAS2 expression relieves PDGF-BB stimulation-induced HA production and the proliferation of human orbital fibroblasts in graves' ophthalmopathy.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2025Article
- Machine learning unveils hypoxia-immune gene hub for clinical stratification of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Nicotinamide N-Methyltransferase in the Inflammatory Pathogenesis of Graves' Orbitopathy.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- Role of SerpinA3 in the Pathogenesis of Graves' Orbitopathy in Orbital Fibroblasts.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- Development and validation of a nomogram prediction model for factors influencingFrontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
- Immune cells in thyroid adenoma and carcinoma: uncovering a hidden value of assessing tumor-host interplay and its potential application in thyroid cytopathology.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2025Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Thyroid-associated ophthalmoapthy (TAO) is the most common orbital disease. As an autoimmune disorder, it is caused by self-reactive lymphocytes that escape immune tolerance, but the mechanism is not fully understood. The basic process of TAO is the infiltration of immune cells in orbital tissues, the activation of orbital fibroblasts (OFs), and the proliferation and differentiation of OFs and lymphocytes. Activated OFs secrete inflammatory regulators, growth factors, and chemokines, thereby maintaining and amplifying the immune responses. The interactions between OFs and lymphocytes lead to the expansion and the remodeling of the orbital tissues, presenting the clinical manifestations of TAO. This review will focus on the role of T cell subsets (Type 1, Type 2, Type 17 helper T cells, and regulatory T cells) in the pathogenesis of TAO. However, we still need further studies to unravel the pathogenesis, to confirm current hypotheses, and to provide novel ideas for appropriate clinical treatment of TAO.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.