ReviewNature reviews. Microbiology2019
Origin and evolution of pathogenic coronaviruses.
Review in Nature reviews. Microbiology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 5 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 2,791 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Passive Immunity Trial for Our Nation (PassItOn)
Trial of Early Therapies During Non-hospitalized Outpatient Window (TREAT NOW) for COVID-19
Effect of a Combination of Nitazoxanide, Ribavirin and Ivermectin Plus Zinc Supplement on the Clearance of COVID-19: a Pilot Sequential Clinical Trial
Scheme of Primary Prevention of Infection by COVID-19, in Workers: Phase II Controlled Clinical Trial, to be Carried Out in Medellín-Antioquia
Immunogenicity and Safety of Heterologous Combinations of COVID-19 Vaccines Available Under Emergency Use Authorization in Pakistan: A Randomized Phase II Trial
Who cites it
2,791 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 5,807 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of Traditional Chinese Medicine on Restoroing the immune balance of mild-to-moderate Patients with new coronavirus.Indian journal of pharmacology · 2026Pooled it
- Safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of anti-SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibody SA55 injection in healthy participants.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2025Trial
- Coronavirus surveillance in passerines reveals novel deltacoronaviruses in Eurasian tree sparrows with implications for One Health and livestock biosecurity.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2026Article
- Molecular characterization and pathogenicity of a novel Chinese porcine deltacoronavirus strain CH/HLJ/20 isolated from diarrheic piglets.Virulence · 2026Article
- Rapid inactivation kinetics of a broad range of viruses on a continuously self-cleaning polymer surface.Bioactive materials · 2026Article
- Cleavage of cellular substrate porcine gasdermin D by porcine torovirus 3C-like protease induces pyroptosis.Virulence · 2026Article
- Spatiotemporal distribution and molecular characteristics of porcine diarrhea-associated viruses detected in Chinese pigs.Virulence · 2026Article
- Article
- Hitting Coronaviruses Where It Hurts: Antiviral Strategies Targeting Viral Proteins.ChemMedChem · 2026Review
- Convergent receptor use at the coronavirus One Health interface.Nature microbiology · 2026Article
- Article
- Balancing Genome Plasticity and Evolutionary Constraint During the Long-Term Evolution of Feline Coronaviruses.Viruses · 2026Article
- Secreted ORF8 reprograms macrophages to enhance SARS-CoV-2 infection of lung epithelial cells.Science advances · 2026Article
- Structural basis of diverse antibody recognition of conserved coronavirus spike S2 epitopes that contribute to protective immunity.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Pathogenicity Difference Between Male and Female mice by Recent SARS-CoV-2/2025.Current microbiology · 2026Article
- The accessory protein ORF3a hijacks the CLCC1 chloride channel to disrupt ER homeostasis in betacoronavirus pathogenesis.Cell discovery · 2026Article
- PhoSARte: identification of SARS-CoV-2 phosphorylation sites using contrastive learning and protein language models.Briefings in bioinformatics · 2026Article
- Drivers of Viral Spillover: An Examination of How Pathogens Spread.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Comprehensive profiling of humoral immune responses to pan-respiratory pathogens: Insights from diverse cohorts.iScience · 2026Article
- Identification of TMEM41B TM6 as a critical domain for coronavirus replicationJournal of virology · 2026Article
2,731 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) are two highly transmissible and pathogenic viruses that emerged in humans at the beginning of the 21st century. Both viruses likely originated in bats, and genetically diverse coronaviruses that are related to SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV were discovered in bats worldwide. In this Review, we summarize the current knowledge on the origin and evolution of these two pathogenic coronaviruses and discuss their receptor usage; we also highlight the diversity and potential of spillover of bat-borne coronaviruses, as evidenced by the recent spillover of swine acute diarrhoea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV) to pigs.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.