ArticleObstetrics and gynecology2019
Prenatal Marijuana Use by Self-Report and Umbilical Cord Sampling in a State With Marijuana Legalization.
Article in Obstetrics and gynecology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 46 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
46 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 75 citations in OpenAlex.
- Causal effects of cannabis legalization on parents, parenting, and children: A systematic review.Preventive medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Birth Outcomes of Neonates Exposed to Marijuana in Utero: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.JAMA network open · 2022Pooled it
- Prenatal THC exposure disrupts mitochondrial respiratory gene programs and medium spiny neuron maturation trajectories in the nucleus accumbens.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Cannabis Exposure After Pregnancy and Development of Hypertension in the nuMoM2b Heart Health Study.O&G open · 2026Article
- Bridging the Data Divide in Nevada: A Repeated Cross-Sectional Study of Birth Certificate and Medicaid Billing Discrepancies in Gestational Substance Exposure.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Self-Reported Cannabis Use in Pregnancy and Maternal Psychological Health.Cannabis (Albuquerque, N.M.) · 2026Article
- Prevalence and characteristics of prenatal cannabis use in Michigan, USA: A statewide population-based pregnancy cohort.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2026Observational
- Feasibility and acceptability of a physical activity intervention to reduce prenatal cannabis use: results of an open pilot trial.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Prenatal Cannabis Use and Depressive Symptoms.Obstetrics and gynecology · 2025Observational
- Sex Differences in the Anxiolytic Properties of Common Cannabis Terpenes, Linalool and β-Myrcene, in Mice.NeuroSci · 2024Article
- Dynamic overrepresentation of accumbal cues in food- and opioid-seeking rats after prenatal THC exposure.Science advances · 2024Article
- Exploration of Differences between Women Who Do and Do Not Disclose Their Marijuana Use during Pregnancy.American journal of perinatology · 2024Article
- Article
- Health, safety, and socioeconomic impacts of cannabis liberalization laws: An evidence and gap map.Campbell systematic reviews · 2023Article
- Fetal cannabidiol (CBD) exposure alters thermal pain sensitivity, problem-solving, and prefrontal cortex excitability.Molecular psychiatry · 2023Article
- Cannabis and Pregnancy: A Review.Obstetrical & gynecological survey · 2023Review
- Cannabis for morning sickness: areas for intervention to decrease cannabis consumption during pregnancy.Journal of cannabis research · 2023Review
- Addressing cannabis consumption among patients with hyperemesis gravidarum.AJOG global reports · 2023Article
- Associations between Prenatal and Postnatal Exposure to Cannabis with Cognition and Behavior at Age 5 Years: The Healthy Start Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Alcohol & cannabinoid co-use: Implications for impaired fetal brain development following gestational exposure.Experimental neurology · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo compare self-reported maternal marijuana use with quantitative biological sampling for a marijuana metabolite, 11-nor-delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol-9-carboxylic acid, in umbilical cord homogenate in a state with legalized marijuana.
methodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study of women approached at the time of admission for delivery with live, singleton pregnancies at 24 weeks of gestation or greater at two urban medical centers in Colorado. Maternal marijuana use was estimated by 1) report to a health care provider on admission history and physical, 2) survey of self-reported use, and 3) liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis of umbilical cord homogenate for 11-nor-delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol-9-carboxylic acid. Women were categorized by survey-reported last use (30 days ago or less, 30 days to 1 year, more than 1 year, never) and proportion of women with cord results above the limit of detection and limit of quantification for 11-nor-delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol-9-carboxylic acid was reported for each group. Comparisons between groups were made using contingency tables. Correlation between survey-reported frequency of use and quantitative 11-nor-delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol-9-carboxylic acid cord homogenate results was evaluated.
resultsWe included 116 women with self-report surveys linked to cord assay results. Six percent (95% CI 2.5-12.0%) of participants reported use in the past 30 days on survey and 2.6% (95% CI 0.5-7.4%) of participants reported marijuana use to health care providers. On umbilical cord assay, 22.4% (95% CI 15.2-31.1%) had detectable 11-nor-delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol-9-carboxylic acid. The proportion of women with detectable 11-nor-delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol-9-carboxylic acid increased with more recent self-reported use. Survey-reported frequency of use in the past 30 days had moderate correlation with quantified umbilical cord 11-nor-delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol-9-carboxylic acid (correlation coefficient 0.44, 95% CI 0.28-0.58, P<.001).
conclusionUmbilical cord sampling results in higher estimates of prenatal marijuana use than self-report even in the setting of legalization. Umbilical cord assays for 11-nor-delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol-9-carboxylic acid demonstrate promise for quantifying use. Future studies should examine how the use of biological sampling informs the association between marijuana use and perinatal outcomes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.