ArticleObstetrics and gynecology2019
The Language of First-Trimester Nonviable Pregnancy: Patient-Reported Preferences and Clarity.
Article in Obstetrics and gynecology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02012491 (Comparative Effectiveness of Pregnancy Failure Management Regimens), which is not on this map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Comparative Effectiveness of Pregnancy Failure Management Regimens
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- An Innovative Screening Panel for Preventing Miscarriages-Perspectives, Guidance and Guidelines.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Navigating grief and healthcare: Mixed-methods study on patient experiences of miscarriage during COVID-19.PloS one · 2026Article
- Differential expression of complement Properdin and Factor H in the placentae and umbilical cords of mothers with Preeclampsia, Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Recurrent Pregnancy Loss.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- A Lexicon for First-Trimester US: Society of Radiologists in Ultrasound Consensus Conference Recommendations.Radiology · 2024Review
- Article
- Abortion terminology preferences: a cross-sectional survey of people accessing abortion care.BMC women's health · 2023Article
- Emergency Medicine Clinician Experiences Addressing Uncertainty in First-Trimester Bleeding.Journal of patient experience · 2022Article
- Patient Experiences With Miscarriage Management in the Emergency and Ambulatory Settings.Obstetrics and gynecology · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo document the terminology patients hear during the treatment course for a nonviable pregnancy and to ask patients their perceived clarity and preference of terminology to identify a patient-centered lexicon.
methodsWe performed a preplanned substudy survey of English-speaking participants in New York, Pennsylvania, and California at the time of enrollment in a randomized multisite trial of medical management of first-trimester early pregnancy loss. The six-item survey, administered on paper or an electronic tablet, was developed and piloted for internal and external validity. We used a visual analog scale and quantified tests of associations between participant characteristics and survey responses using risk ratios.
resultsWe approached 155 English-speaking participants in the parent study, of whom 145 (93.5%) participated. In the process of receiving their diagnosis from a clinician, participants reported hearing the terms "miscarriage" (n=109 [75.2%]) and "early pregnancy loss" (n=73 [50.3%]) more than "early pregnancy failure" (n=31 [21.3%]) and "spontaneous abortion" (n=21 [14.4%]). The majority selected "miscarriage" (n=79 [54.5%]) followed by "early pregnancy loss" (n=49 [33.8%]) as their preferred term. In multivariable models controlling for study site, ethnicity, race, history of induced abortion, and whether the current pregnancy was planned, women indicated that "spontaneous abortion" and "early pregnancy failure" were significantly less clear than "early pregnancy loss" (53/145, adjusted risk ratio 0.12, 95% CI 0.07-0.19 and 92/145, adjusted risk ratio 0.38, 95% CI 0.24-0.61, respectively, as compared with 118/145 for "early pregnancy loss"). "Miscarriage" scored similarly to "early pregnancy loss" in clarity (119/145, adjusted risk ratio 1.05, 95% CI 0.62-1.77).
conclusionThe terminology used to communicate "nonviable pregnancy in the first trimester" is highly variable. In this cohort of women, most preferred the term "miscarriage" and classified both "miscarriage" and "early pregnancy loss" as clear labels for a nonviable pregnancy. Health care providers can use these terms to enhance patient-clinician communication. CLINICAL
trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02012491.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.