ArticleBMJ open2018
Development and validation of a novel computer-aided score to predict the risk of in-hospital mortality for acutely ill medical admissions in two acute hospitals using their first electronically recorded blood test results and vital signs: a cross-sectional study.
Article in BMJ open, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Early warning score validation methodologies and performance metrics: a systematic review.BMC medical informatics and decision making · 2020Pooled it
- Early warning scores for detecting deterioration in adult hospital patients: systematic review and critical appraisal of methodology.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2020Pooled it
- Development and validation of early warning score system: A systematic literature review.Journal of biomedical informatics · 2020Pooled it
- Immune gene features and prognosis in colorectal cancer: insights from ssGSEA typing.Discover oncology · 2025Article
- Early Warning Systems for Critical Illness Outside the Intensive Care Unit.Critical care clinics · 2024Review
- Accuracy of automated computer-aided risk scoring systems to estimate the risk of COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study.BMC research notes · 2024Article
- The Norton scale is an important predictor of in-hospital mortality in internal medicine patients.Irish journal of medical science · 2023Article
- Implementation and clinical utility of a Computer-Aided Risk Score for Mortality (CARM): a qualitative study.BMJ open · 2023Article
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- Identification of Prognostic Fatty Acid Metabolism lncRNAs and Potential Molecular Targeting Drugs in Uveal Melanoma.Computational and mathematical methods in medicine · 2022Article
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Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesThere are no established mortality risk equations specifically for emergency medical patients who are admitted to a general hospital ward. Such risk equations may be useful in supporting the clinical decision-making process. We aim to develop and externally validate a computer-aided risk of mortality (CARM) score by combining the first electronically recorded vital signs and blood test results for emergency medical admissions.
designLogistic regression model development and external validation study.
settingTwo acute hospitals (Northern Lincolnshire and Goole NHS Foundation Trust Hospital (NH)-model development data; York Hospital (YH)-external validation data).
participantsAdult (aged ≥16 years) medical admissions discharged over a 24-month period with electronic National Early Warning Score(s) and blood test results recorded on admission.
resultsThe risk of in-hospital mortality following emergency medical admission was 5.7% (NH: 1766/30 996) and 6.5% (YH: 1703/26 247). The C-statistic for the CARM score in NH was 0.87 (95% CI 0.86 to 0.88) and was similar in an external hospital setting YH (0.86, 95% CI 0.85 to 0.87) and the calibration slope included 1 (0.97, 95% CI 0.94 to 1.00).
conclusionsWe have developed a novel, externally validated CARM score with good performance characteristics for estimating the risk of in-hospital mortality following an emergency medical admission using the patient's first, electronically recorded, vital signs and blood test results. Since the CARM score places no additional data collection burden on clinicians and is readily automated, it may now be carefully introduced and evaluated in hospitals with sufficient informatics infrastructure.
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