ReviewNeuroscience and biobehavioral reviews2019
Fentanyl: Receptor pharmacology, abuse potential, and implications for treatment.
Review in Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 150 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
150 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Opioid-induced analgesia among persons with opioid use disorder receiving methadone or buprenorphine: A systematic review of experimental pain studies.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2021Pooled it
- Extended-Release Injection vs Sublingual Buprenorphine for Opioid Use Disorder With Fentanyl Use: A Post Hoc Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2024Trial
- Comparing spinal anesthesia approaches for transurethral lithotripsy in patients with proximal ureteral stones: A randomized clinical trial of bupivacaine aloneJournal of medicine and life · 2023Trial
- Sublingual dexmedetomidine (BXCL501) reduces opioid withdrawal symptoms: findings from a multi-site, phase 1b/2, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.The American journal of drug and alcohol abuse · 2023Trial
- Impact of fentanyl use on initiation and discontinuation of methadone and buprenorphine/naloxone among people with prescription-type opioid use disorder: secondary analysis of a Canadian treatment trial.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2022Trial
- The effects of fentanyl, oxycodone, and butorphanol on gastrointestinal function in patients undergoing laparoscopic hysterectomy: a prospective, double-blind, randomized controlled trial.BMC anesthesiology · 2022Trial
- The relationship between the level of μ-opioid receptor (μORs) and postoperative analgesic use in patients undergoing septoplasty: a prospective randomized controlled trial.BMC anesthesiology · 2020Trial
- Acute fentanyl induces opposing directions of changes in tonic and phasic dopamine release patterns and impairs Pavlovian task performance.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Comparative Study of Analgesic Therapeutic Index and Addiction Potential of o- and p-Fluorofentanyl.Journal of applied toxicology : JAT · 2026Article
- Dose- and time-dependent physiological effects of fentanyl in adult goats.Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) · 2026Article
- Assessment of Test Strips for Detection of Fentanyl in Powders.Prevention science : the official journal of the Society for Prevention Research · 2026Article
- Voluntary oral fentanyl intake produces dose- and sex-dependent physical dependence in mice without overt affective disturbances.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Opioid-specific risk of respiratory depression in non-cancer pain: a retrospective cohort study.BMC medicine · 2026Article
- Carfentanil Depresses Inspiratory Motor Drive.Journal of substance abuse and alcoholism · 2026Article
- Dermorphin blocks apneic response to intravenous bolus injection of fentanyl.Toxicology and applied pharmacology · 2026Article
- "It's like scratching at the door": Experiences of outpatient buprenorphine low dose initiation among people using fentanyl.Journal of substance use and addiction treatment · 2026Article
- Early axonal injury in fentanyl intoxication.Acta neuropathologica communications · 2026Article
- Antinociceptive Effect and Hyperalgesia of Fentanyl and Its Analogues.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Article
- Fentanyl use among people who inject drugs in two large Pacific Northwest metropolitan areas.Harm reduction journal · 2026Article
90 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Opioid overdoses, many of which are attributed to use of illicit fentanyl, are currently one of the leading causes of death in the U.S. Although fentanyl has been used safely for decades in clinical settings, the widespread use of illicit fentanyl is a recent phenomenon. Starting in 2013, illicitly manufactured fentanyl and its analogs began to appear on the streets. These substances were added to or sold as heroin, often unbeknownst to the user. Because fentanyl is so potent, only small amounts are needed to produce pharmacological effects, but the margin between safe and toxic doses is narrow. Surprisingly little is known about the exact signaling mechanisms underlying fentanyl-related respiratory depression or the effectiveness of naloxone in reversing this effect. Similarly, little is known about the ability of treatment medications such as buprenorphine, methadone, or naltrexone to reduce illicit fentanyl use. The present article reviews the receptor, preclinical and clinical pharmacology of fentanyl, and how its pharmacology may predict the effectiveness of currently approved medications for treating illicit fentanyl use.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.