Evidence map›Paper›PMID 30528099›Full record

ReviewThe lancet. Diabetes & endocrinology2019

The challenge of modulating β-cell autoimmunity in type 1 diabetes.

Mark A Atkinson, Bart O Roep, Amanda Posgai, Daniel C S Wheeler, Mark Peakman

Open access · greenAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in The lancet. Diabetes & endocrinology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 97 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
97citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
11.8field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

97 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 159 citations in OpenAlex.

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  19. New Perspectives in Studying Type 1 Diabetes Susceptibility Biomarkers.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025
    Review
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37 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.

Mark A AtkinsonDepartment of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida Diabetes Institute, Gainesville, FL, USA. Electronic address: atkinson@ufl.edu.
Bart O RoepDepartment of Diabetes Immunology, Diabetes & Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA; Department of Immunohaematology & Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.
Amanda PosgaiDepartment of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida Diabetes Institute, Gainesville, FL, USA.
Daniel C S WheelerFaculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK.
Mark PeakmanPeter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK; King's Health Partners Institute of Diabetes, Obesity and Endocrinology, London, UK.
King's College London · GBUniversity of Florida · USCity of Hope · US

Funding

Project 3P01AI042288 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA · PI Todd Michael Brusko · 1997 to 2026
$32.9M
NIAID NIH HHS P01 AI042288
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

With the conceptual advance about four decades ago that type 1 diabetes represents an autoimmune disease, hope arose that immune-based therapies would soon emerge to prevent and reverse the disorder. However, despite dozens of clinical trials seeking to achieve these goals, the promise remains unfulfilled, at least in a pragmatic form. With the benefit of hindsight, several important reasons are likely to account for this disappointing outcome, including failure to appreciate disease heterogeneity, inappropriate use of rodent models of disease, inadequacies in addressing the immunological and metabolic contributions to the disease, suboptimal trial designs, and lack of a clear understanding of the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes. In this Series paper, we convey how recent knowledge gains in these areas, combined with efforts related to disease staging and emerging mechanistic data from clinical trials, provide cautious optimism that immune-based approaches to prevent the loss of β cells in type 1 diabetes will emerge into clinical practice.

Indexed as

AutoimmunityCell TransplantationDiabetes Mellitus, Type 1HumansImmunologic FactorsImmunosuppressive AgentsImmunotherapyInsulin-Secreting CellsT-Lymphocytes, RegulatoryImmunologic FactorsImmunosuppressive Agents

Identifiers

PMID30528099
PMCPMC7322790
OpenAlexW2898492815

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.