SynthesisVaccine2019
Cost-effectiveness of adult vaccinations: A systematic review.
Synthesis in Vaccine, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 77 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
77 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Consideration of intersectoral costs and benefits in health economic evaluations of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines: a systematic review.International journal of technology assessment in health care · 2026Pooled it
- Global, regional, and national incidence and mortality burden of non-COVID-19 lower respiratory infections and aetiologies, 1990-2021: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.The Lancet. Infectious diseases · 2024Pooled it
- Differential Utility Losses in Herpes Zoster Cases Between Vaccinated and Unvaccinated Subjects: A Meta-analysis of Three Clinical Trials.Clinical drug investigation · 2024Pooled it
- The Value(s) of Vaccination: Building the Scientific Evidence According to a Value-Based Healthcare Approach.Frontiers in public health · 2022Pooled it
- Trial
- Interventions to improve pneumococcal vaccination coverage: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Infectious medicine · 2026Review
- Vaccine cold chain and understanding what underpins vaccine security for vaccine preventable diseases.BMJ medicine · 2026Review
- Economic Analyses of COVID-19 Interventions: A Narrative Review of Global Evidence.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- A cost-benefit analysis of adult immunization programs across ten countries: Modeling the socioeconomic value of immunization for older populations compared to no vaccination.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Article
- Vaccination in the shadow of uncertainty: Exploring the links between government trust and COVID-19 vaccine acceptance.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Article
- A study on the willingness and influencing factors of non-EPI vaccines recommendations among Chinese vaccination staff under major infectious disease outbreaks.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Article
- Impact of Inactivated Influenza Vaccination on Health-Related Quality of Life Among Japanese Healthcare Workers.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2025Article
- Therapeutic Vaccines for Non-Communicable Diseases: Global Progress and China's Deployment Pathways.Vaccines · 2025Review
- Trends in pediatric vaccination coverage in Italy from 2000 to 2023.European journal of public health · 2025Article
- Lipid Nanoparticle Development for A Fluvid mRNA Vaccine Targeting Seasonal Influenza and SARS-CoV-2.NPJ vaccines · 2025Article
- Global, Regional, and National Burden of Pulmonary Fungal Infections 1990-2021.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2025Article
- Article
- Cost-effectiveness analysis of herpes zoster vaccination for adults aged 50 years in Zhejiang province, China.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Public health management of pertussis in adults: Practical challenges and future strategies.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024Review
- Cost-effectiveness of vaccinating adults aged 60 years and older against respiratory syncytial virus.Vaccine · 2024Article
17 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundCoverage levels for many recommended adult vaccinations are low. The cost-effectiveness research literature on adult vaccinations has not been synthesized in recent years, which may contribute to low awareness of the value of adult vaccinations and to their under-utilization. We assessed research literature since 1980 to summarize economic evidence for adult vaccinations included on the adult immunization schedule.
methodsWe searched PubMed, EMBASE, EconLit, and Cochrane Library from 1980 to 2016 and identified economic evaluation or cost-effectiveness analysis for vaccinations targeting persons aged ≥18 years in the U.S. or Canada. After excluding records based on title and abstract reviews, the remaining publications had a full-text review from two independent reviewers, who extracted economic values that compared vaccination to "no vaccination" scenarios.
resultsThe systematic searches yielded 1688 publications. After removing duplicates, off-topic publications, and publications without a "no vaccination" comparison, 78 publications were included in the final analysis (influenza = 25, pneumococcal = 18, human papillomavirus = 9, herpes zoster = 7, tetanus-diphtheria-pertussis = 9, hepatitis B = 9, and multiple vaccines = 1). Among outcomes assessing age-based vaccinations, the percent indicating cost-savings was 56% for influenza, 31% for pneumococcal, and 23% for tetanus-diphtheria-pertussis vaccinations. Among age-based vaccination outcomes reporting $/QALY, the percent of outcomes indicating a cost per QALY of ≤$100,000 was 100% for influenza, 100% for pneumococcal, 69% for human papillomavirus, 71% for herpes zoster, and 50% for tetanus-diphtheria-pertussis vaccinations.
conclusionsThe majority of published studies report favorable cost-effectiveness profiles for adult vaccinations, which supports efforts to improve the implementation of adult vaccination recommendations.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.