Trial reportJournal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology2019
Time Interval to Biochemical Failure as a Surrogate End Point in Locally Advanced Prostate Cancer: Analysis of Randomized Trial NRG/RTOG 9202.
Trial report in Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Event-Free Survival, a Prostate-Specific Antigen-Based Composite End Point, Is Not a Surrogate for Overall Survival in Men With Localized Prostate Cancer Treated With Radiation.Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology · 2020Pooled it
- Biopsy-based Basal-luminal Subtyping Classifier in High-risk Prostate Cancer: A Combined Analysis of the NRG Oncology/RTOG 9202, 9413, and 9902 Phase 3 Trials.European urology oncology · 2026Trial
- Association of PSA kinetics after testosterone recovery with subsequent recurrence: secondary analysis of a phase III randomized controlled trial.World journal of urology · 2023Trial
- Risk of Short-Term Prostate-Specific Antigen Recurrence and Failure in Patients With Prostate Cancer: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2023Trial
- Adding Short-Term Androgen Deprivation Therapy to Radiation Therapy in Men With Localized Prostate Cancer: Long-Term Update of the NRG/RTOG 9408 Randomized Clinical Trial.International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics · 2022Trial
- Evaluating Risk Factors Associating With Late Recurrence After Low-Dose-Rate Brachytherapy for Prostate Cancer Using Machine Learning.The Prostate · 2026Article
- Article
- Review
- Biochemical Recurrence Surrogacy for Clinical Outcomes After Radiotherapy for Adenocarcinoma of the Prostate.Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology · 2023Article
- MRI-derived tumor volume as a predictor of biochemical recurrence and adverse pathology in patients after radical prostatectomy: a propensity score matching study.Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2023Article
- Early Endpoints in High-risk Localized Prostate Cancer: Exploratory Analysis of Three Radiation Therapy Oncology Group Phase 3 Studies.European urology · 2023Article
- Biochemical Failure Is Not a Surrogate End Point for Overall Survival in Recurrent Prostate Cancer: Analysis of NRG Oncology/RTOG 9601.Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology · 2022Article
- Surrogacy Beyond Prognosis: The Importance of "Trial-Level" Surrogacy.The oncologist · 2022Review
- Article
- Computationally Derived Cribriform Area Index from Prostate Cancer Hematoxylin and Eosin Images Is Associated with Biochemical Recurrence Following Radical Prostatectomy and Is Most Prognostic in Gleason Grade Group 2.European urology focus · 2021Article
- Computer extracted gland features from H&E predicts prostate cancer recurrence comparably to a genomic companion diagnostic test: a large multi-site study.NPJ precision oncology · 2021Article
- [Event-free survival as a composite endpoint (commonly including PSA progression) is not a surrogate for overall survival after radiotherapy for localized prostate cancer].Strahlentherapie und Onkologie : Organ der Deutschen Rontgengesellschaft ... [et al] · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIn prostate cancer, end points that reliably portend prognosis and treatment benefit (surrogate end points) can accelerate therapy development. Although surrogate end point candidates have been evaluated in the context of radiotherapy and short-term androgen deprivation (AD), potential surrogates under long-term (24 month) AD, a proven therapy in high-risk localized disease, have not been investigated. MATERIALS AND
methodsIn the NRG/RTOG 9202 randomized trial (N = 1,520) of short-term AD (4 months) versus long-term AD (LTAD; 28 months), the time interval free of biochemical failure (IBF) was evaluated in relation to clinical end points of prostate cancer-specific survival (PCSS) and overall survival (OS). Survival modeling and landmark analysis methods were applied to evaluate LTAD benefit on IBF and clinical end points, association between IBF and clinical end points, and the mediating effect of IBF on LTAD clinical end point benefits.
resultsLTAD was superior to short-term AD for both biochemical failure (BF) and the clinical end points. Men remaining free of BF for 3 years had relative risk reductions of 39% for OS and 73% for PCSS. Accounting for 3-year IBF status reduced the LTAD OS benefit from 12% (hazard ratio [HR], 0.88; 95% CI, 0.79 to 0.98) to 6% (HR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.83 to 1.07). For PCSS, the LTAD benefit was reduced from 30% (HR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.52 to 0.82) to 6% (HR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.72 to 1.22). Among men with BF, by 3 years, 50% of subsequent deaths were attributed to prostate cancer, compared with 19% among men free of BF through 3 years.
conclusionThe IBF satisfied surrogacy criteria and identified the benefit of LTAD on disease-specific survival and OS. The IBF may serve as a valid end point in clinical trials and may also aid in risk monitoring after initial treatment.
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