ArticleJournal of anatomy2019
Validity and reliability of a freehand 3D ultrasound system for the determination of triceps surae muscle volume in children with cerebral palsy.
Article in Journal of anatomy, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Assessment of Lower Limb Muscle Volume Using 3D Ultrasonography: Validity and Reliability Compared to MRI.Journal of imaging informatics in medicine · 2026Article
- Assessing gluteus medius volume with freehand 3DUS: validating a practical imaging tool for complex muscle morphology.Medical & biological engineering & computing · 2026Article
- Estimating vastus lateralis muscle volume from a single ultrasound image.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Concordance of Freehand 3D Ultrasound Muscle Measurements With Sarcopenia Parameters in a Geriatric Rehabilitation Ward.Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle · 2025Article
- Three-dimensional freehand ultrasonography to measure muscle volume of the lumbar multifidus: Reliability of processing technique and validity through comparison to magnetic resonance imaging.Journal of anatomy · 2024Article
- Reliability of 3D freehand ultrasound to assess lower limb muscles in children with spastic cerebral palsy and typical development.Journal of anatomy · 2023Article
- Multi-sweep 3-dimensional ultrasound is accurate for in vivo muscle volume quantification, expanding use to larger muscles.Journal of biomechanics · 2023Article
- Morphological Medial Gastrocnemius Muscle Growth in Ambulant Children with Spastic Cerebral Palsy: A Prospective Longitudinal Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- The reliability of the measurement of muscle volume using magnetic resonance imaging in typically developing infants by two raters.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Human skeletal muscle size with ultrasound imaging: a comprehensive review.Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) · 2022Review
- Medial gastrocnemius growth in children who are typically developing: Can changes in muscle volume and length be accurately predicted from age?Journal of anatomy · 2022Article
- Typical m. triceps surae morphology and architecture measurement from 0 to 18 years: A narrative review.Journal of anatomy · 2022Review
- The reliability and validity of triceps surae muscle volume assessment using freehand three-dimensional ultrasound in typically developing infants.Journal of anatomy · 2022Article
- The Contribution of Decreased Muscle Size to Muscle Weakness in Children With Spastic Cerebral Palsy.Frontiers in neurology · 2021Article
- Muscle Characteristics in Pediatric Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia vs. Bilateral Spastic Cerebral Palsy: An Exploratory Study.Frontiers in neurology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This study assessed the validity, intra-rater and inter-rater reliability of segmentation of in vivo medial gastrocnemius (MG), lateral gastrocnemius (LG) and soleus (SOL) muscle volume measurement using a single sweep freehand 3D ultrasound (3DUS) in children with cerebral palsy (CP). The MG, LG and SOL of both limbs of 18 children with CP (age 8 years 4 months ± 1 year 10 months, 11 males, unilateral CP = 9, bilateral CP = 9, Gross Motor Functional Classification System I = 11, II = 7) were scanned using freehand 3DUS and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). All freehand 3DUS and MRI images were segmented and volumes rendered by two raters. Validity was assessed using limits of agreement method. Intra-rater and inter-rater reliability was assessed using intra-class correlation (ICC), coefficient of variance (CV) and minimal detectable change (MDC). Freehand 3DUS overestimated muscle volume of the MG and LG by < 0.3 mL (1%) and underestimated SOL by < 1.3 mL (1.5%) compared with MRI. ICCs for intra-rater reliability of the segmentation process for the freehand 3DUS system and MRI for muscle volume were > 0.98 and 0.99, respectively, for all muscles. ICCs for inter-rater reliability of the segmentation process for freehand 3DUS and MRI volumes were > 0.96 and 0.98, respectively, for all muscles. MDCs for single rater freehand 3DUS and MRI were < 4.0 mL (14%) and 3.2 mL (11%), respectively, in all muscles. Freehand 3DUS is a valid and reliable method for the measurement of lower leg muscle volume that can be measured with a single sweep in children with CP in vivo. It can be used as an alternative to MRI for the detection of clinically relevant changes in calf muscle volume as the result of growth and interventions.
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