ArticleMucosal immunology2019
Microanatomical dissection of human intestinal T-cell immunity reveals site-specific changes in gut-associated lymphoid tissues over life.
Article in Mucosal immunology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 75 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
75 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 106 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immune cell profiling in intestinal transplantation.Human immunology · 2024Pooled it
- Failure of γδ T Cell Recovery in the Gut With Effective Anti-HIV Therapy.Journal of immunology research · 2025Trial
- Trial
- Dynamic remodeling of the pancreas immune landscape in obesity.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Distinct transcription factors control tissue adaptation and effector function in infant and adult memory T cells.Nature immunology · 2026Article
- Immune development in early life.Nature immunology · 2026Review
- Intestinal T cells in aging: implications for gut barrier integrity and inflammaging.GeroScience · 2026Review
- Fibroblast diversity within human gut-associated lymphoid tissues.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2026Article
- Intestinal aging-related immune dysfunction: mechanisms and interventions.Acta biochimica et biophysica Sinica · 2026Review
- Immune-microbe interactions in pediatric ulcerative colitis: clinical features, pathogenesis, and novel targeted therapeutic strategies.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Intestinal tissue-resident memory T cells: Characteristics, spatial heterogeneity, age-related dynamics, and roles in disease regulation.Journal of advanced research · 2026Review
- Striking a balance: how the gut microbiome shapes the fate of intestinal CD4+ T cells.Discovery immunology · 2026Review
- Early-life stromal niches orchestrate B lymphopoiesis at the brain's borders.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Transcription factor BACH2 shapes tissue-resident memory T cell programs to promote HIV-1 persistence.Immunity · 2025Article
- Asynchronous aging and turnover of human circulating and tissue-resident memory T cells across sites.Immunity · 2025Article
- Gut-on-a-chip platforms: Bridging in vitro and in vivo models for advanced gastrointestinal research.Physiological reports · 2025Review
- Age-Stratified Treg Responses During Viral Infections of the Central Nervous System: A Literature Review.Journal of medical virology · 2025Review
- Leaky gut in systemic inflammation: exploring the link between gastrointestinal disorders and age-related diseases.GeroScience · 2025Review
- HIV and the gut: implications for HIV persistence, immune dysfunction and cure strategies.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- The intestinal interferon system and specialized enterocytes as putative drivers of HIV latency.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
15 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Defining adaptive immunity with the complex structures of the human gastrointestinal (GI) tract over life is essential for understanding immune responses to ingested antigens, commensal and pathogenic microorganisms, and dysfunctions in disease. We present here an analysis of lymphocyte localization and T cell subset composition across the human GI tract including mucosal sites (jejunum, ileum, colon), gut-associated lymphoid tissues (isolated lymphoid follicles (ILFs), Peyer's patches (PPs), appendix), and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) from a total of 68 donors spanning eight decades of life. In pediatric donors, ILFs and PP containing naïve T cells and regulatory T cells (Tregs) are prevalent in the jejunum and ileum, respectively; these decline in frequency with age, contrasting stable frequencies of ILFs and T cell subsets in the colon. In the mucosa, tissue resident memory T cells develop during childhood, and persist in high frequencies into advanced ages, while T cell composition changes with age in GALT and MLN. These spatial and temporal features of human intestinal T cell immunity define signatures that can be used to train predictive machine learning algorithms. Our findings demonstrate an anatomic basis for age-associated alterations in immune responses, and establish a quantitative baseline for intestinal immunity to define disease pathologies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.