ArticlePLoS neglected tropical diseases2018
Predicted short and long-term impact of deworming and water, hygiene, and sanitation on transmission of soil-transmitted helminths.
Article in PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 59 citations in OpenAlex.
- A systematic review of mathematical models for soil-transmitted helminthiasis control strategies.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Pooled it
- Interventions to improve water, sanitation, and hygiene for preventing soil-transmitted helminth infection.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2022Pooled it
- Understanding the Effectiveness of Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene Interventions: A Counterfactual Simulation Approach to Generalizing the Outcomes of Intervention Trials.Environmental health perspectives · 2024Trial
- Epidemiology of soil transmitted helminths and risk analysis of hookworm infections in the community: Results from the DeWorm3 Trial in southern India.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2021Trial
- Prevalence and determinants of deworming uptake among under-five children in Tanzania: evidence from the Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey 2022.Tropical medicine and health · 2026Article
- Mass drug administration for soil-transmitted helminthiasis and schistosomiasis in selected districts of Rwanda: Coverage, implementation factors, and household water, sanitation, and hygiene conditions.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Article
- Resistance evaluation and surveillance initiative for schistosomiasis treatment: study protocol for the RESIST project.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Achieving elimination of soil-transmitted helminthiasis as a public health problem in Mali.BMJ global health · 2025Article
- WASH and learn: a scoping review of health, education and gender equity outcomes of school-based water, sanitation and hygiene in low-income and middle-income countries.BMJ global health · 2025Article
- Water and sanitation factors associated with schistosomiasis and soil transmitted helminthiasis persistence in Rwanda.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- A scoping review of transmission models for soil-transmitted helminth infections to underpin the development of a transmission model forParasitology · 2024Article
- Improving the Cost-efficiency of Preventive Chemotherapy: Impact of New Diagnostics on Stopping Decisions for Control of Schistosomiasis.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2024Article
- Investigating the effect of a school-based WASH intervention on soil-transmitted helminth and schistosome infections and nutritional status of school children in Ethiopia: a quasi-experimental study.Parasites & vectors · 2024Article
- Predicting the risk and speed of drug resistance emerging in soil-transmitted helminths during preventive chemotherapy.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Baseline soil-transmitted helminth and schistosome infection in the Geshiyaro project, Ethiopia: A unique transmission interruption project using biometric fingerprinting for longitudinal individual analysis.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2023Article
- School-based preventive chemotherapy program for schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminth control in Angola: 6-year impact assessment.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2023Article
- Molecular Detection and Genetic Characterization of Zoonotic Hookworm in Semi-Domesticated Cats Residing in Monasteries in Bangkok, Thailand.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2023Article
- Optimal control analysis of a transmission interruption model for the soil-transmitted helminth infections in Kenya.Current research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases · 2023Article
- Association between water, sanitation, and hygiene access and the prevalence of soil-transmitted helminth and schistosome infections in Wolayita, Ethiopia.Parasites & vectors · 2022Article
- Impact of Key Assumptions About the Population Biology of Soil-Transmitted Helminths on the Sustainable Control of Morbidity.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundRegular preventive chemotherapy (PCT) targeting high-risk populations is an effective way to control STH in the short term, but sustainable long-term STH control is expected to require improved access to water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH). However, experimental studies have not been able to conclusively demonstrate the benefit of WASH in preventing STH (re-)infections. We investigated the impact of WASH on STH infections during and after PCT using mathematical modelling. METHODS AND
findingsWe use the individual-based transmission model WORMSIM to predict the short and long-term impact of WASH on STH transmission in contexts with and without PCT. We distinguish two WASH modalities: sanitation, which reduces individuals' contributions to environmental contamination; and hygiene, which reduces individuals' exposure to infection. We simulate the impact of varying levels of uptake and effectiveness of each WASH modality, as well as their combined impact. Clearly, sanitation and hygiene interventions have little observable short-term impact on STH infections levels in the context of PCT. However, in the long term, both are pivotal to sustain control or eliminate infection levels after scaling down or stopping PCT. The impact of hygiene is determined more by the effectiveness of the intervention than its overall uptake, whereas the impact of sanitation depends more directly on the product of uptake and the effectiveness.
interpretationThe impact of WASH interventions on STH transmission highly depends on the worm species, WASH modality, and uptake and effectiveness of the intervention. Also, the impact of WASH is difficult to measure in the context of ongoing PCT programmes. Still, we show a clear added benefit of WASH to sustain the gains made by PCT in the long term, such that PCT may be scaled down or even stopped altogether. To safely stop or scale down PCT, policy for WASH and PCT should be integrated.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.