ArticleInternational journal of surgery (London, England)2018
Serum amyloid a as an indicator of impending xenograft failure: Experimental studies.
Article in International journal of surgery (London, England), 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Machine learning analysis for the noninvasive prediction of lymphovascular invasion in gastric cancer using PET/CT and enhanced CT-based radiomics and clinical variables.Abdominal radiology (New York) · 2022Trial
- Immune Landscape in Kidney Transplantation.Journal of inflammation research · 2025Review
- Regulatory macrophages in solid organ xenotransplantation.Korean journal of transplantation · 2023Review
- Decreased Iron Ion Concentrations in the Peripheral Blood Correlate with Coronary Atherosclerosis.Nutrients · 2022Article
- The Role of Interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the Systemic Inflammatory Response in Xenograft Recipients and in Pig Kidney Xenograft Failure.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Distribution of serum amyloid A and establishment of reference intervals in healthy adults.Journal of clinical laboratory analysis · 2020Article
- Evidence for the important role of inflammation in xenotransplantation.Journal of inflammation (London, England) · 2019Review
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThere is well-documented systemic inflammatory response in xenograft recipients to the presence of a pig graft. Serum amyloid A (SAA) is an inflammatory marker that is elevated in various pathological states. The assay used to measure it is (i) simple, (ii) relatively inexpensive, and (iii) provides an answer within minutes.
methodThe levels of SAA (n = 11) and C-reactive protein (C-RP) (n = 8) were measured retrospectively in the serum of baboons with pig kidney transplants, who received therapy with an IL-6R inhibitor and a TNF-α antagonist. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to identify amyloid A and C-RP expression in the native livers and deposition in the pig kidney grafts.
resultsOne kidney graft underwent hyperacute rejection, 6 (55%) underwent acute antibody-mediated rejection, 3 baboons (27%) were euthanized for serious systemic infections, and one was euthanized for acute gastric dilatation. The SAA increased temporarily after kidney transplantation, and increased again by the day of euthanasia, indicating moderate (n = 3) or significant (severe) (n = 8) inflammation. In contrast, as the baboons were receiving tocilizumab, C-RP did not increase. There was greater expression of amyloid A in baboon livers (by IHC) than of C-RP (mean OD 53 vs 1, p < 0.01), and greater deposition of amyloid A than C-RP in the pig kidney grafts (mean OD 24 vs 2, p < 0.001). Plasma fibrinogen negatively correlated with the expression of amyloid A in the liver (r = -0.72, p < 0.05). The results of the SAA assay correlated with amyloid A expression in the liver and deposition in the kidney grafts.
conclusionsSAA is a sensitive, but non-specific, marker for inflammation in baboons with pig kidney grafts, and is not affected by therapy that suppresses the response of C-RP. The SAA assay is a rapid, reliable, and relatively inexpensive method of following the inflammatory state of baboons with pig xenografts.
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