ArticlePloS one2018
Sex differences in intrusive memories following trauma.
Article in PloS one, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Risk factors for poor bereavement outcomes and the support needs of adult bereaved refugees within the psychosocial-cultural concept of personhood: a systematic review.Frontiers in public health · 2025Pooled it
- Change in prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder in the two years following trauma: a meta-analytic study.European journal of psychotraumatology · 2022Pooled it
- Prevalence and Correlates of Significant Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms in Children in Ukraine.JAACAP open · 2026Article
- The impact of the BDNF Val66Met genotype on intrusive memories following trauma exposure and in PTSD is moderated by sex and timing of trauma exposure.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Work-related injuries and compliance with personal protective equipment among migrant workers in Al-Qassim, Saudi Arabia.Industrial health · 2025Article
- Specific symptom change associated with ecological momentary assessments of intrusive trauma memories.NPP - digital psychiatry and neuroscience · 2024Article
- Pre-Learning Stress That Is Temporally Removed from Acquisition Impairs Fear Learning.Biology · 2023Article
- The association between childhood maltreatment and suicidal intrusions: A cross-sectional study.Journal of traumatic stress · 2022Article
- Lonely in the Dark: Trauma Memory and Sex-Specific Dysregulation of Amygdala Reactivity to Fear Signals.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2022Article
- Sex hormones and cortisol during experimental trauma memory consolidation: Prospective association with intrusive memories.European journal of psychotraumatology · 2022Article
- Sex-specific associations between traumatic experiences and resting-state functional connectivity in the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort.JCPP advances · 2021Article
- Correlates of psychological distress in epileptic patients during the COVID-19 outbreak.Epilepsy & behavior : E&B · 2021Article
- Sex differences in neural stress responses and correlation with subjective stress and stress regulation.Neurobiology of stress · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundA key mechanism thought to underlie Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is enhanced emotional memory consolidation. Recent evidence in healthy controls revealed that women have greater negative memory consolidation following stress relative to men. This study examined emotional memory consolidation in women and men with PTSD, and in trauma-exposed and non-trauma controls to test the hypothesis that emotionally negative memory consolidation would be greater in women with PTSD.
methodOne hundred and forty-seven men and women (47 with PTSD, 49 trauma-exposed controls, and 51 non-trauma controls) completed an emotional memory task where they looked at negative, neutral and positive images from the International Affective Picture System (IAPS). Delayed recall and an intrusive memory diary were completed two days later.
resultsWomen displayed greater recall, and reported more negative intrusive memories than men. A gender x group interaction effect showed that both women with PTSD and trauma-exposed women reported more intrusive memories than women without trauma exposure or men.
conclusionThis study provided preliminary evidence of sex differences in intrusive memories in those with PTSD as well as those with a history of trauma exposure. Future research should include measures of sex hormones to further examine sex differences on memory consolidation in the context of trauma exposure and PTSD.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.