ReviewInternational journal of women's health2018
Shoulder dystocia: incidence, mechanisms, and management strategies.
Review in International journal of women's health, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 62 citations in OpenAlex.
- Neonatal birth trauma and associated factors in low and middle-income countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2024Pooled it
- Posterior arm delivery versus the shoulder shrug maneuver in shoulder dystocia management: A simulation-based comparative study.International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics · 2026Trial
- Is It Cost-Effective to Induce Labour Early to Prevent Shoulder Dystocia? Evidence From the Big Baby Trial.BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology · 2025Trial
- Impact of a virtual reality-based simulation training for shoulder dystocia on human and technical skills among caregivers: a randomized-controlled trial.Scientific reports · 2024Trial
- Trial
- Overcoming shoulder dystocia with the Zavanelli maneuver: a case report.International journal of surgery case reports · 2026Article
- Clinical Significance of Pregnancies with Macrosomia (Birth Weight ≥ 4,000 g) Compared with Deliveries with Neonatal Birth Weight of 3,500-3,999 g.JMA journal · 2025Article
- Studying the effects of McRoberts and neonate-focused maneuvers on the neonatal brachial plexus during shoulder dystocia.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2025Article
- Impact of Introducing PROMPT on Permanent Brachial Plexus Injury and Tears III°/IV° in Shoulder Dystocia: The Hanover Cohort Study.Obstetrics and gynecology international · 2024Article
- Studying the Effects of Shoulder Dystocia and Neonate-Focused Delivery Maneuvers on Brachial Plexus Strain: A Computational Study.Journal of biomechanical engineering · 2024Article
- Newborn screening for Duchenne muscular dystrophy: A two-year pilot study.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2023Article
- The effect of biacromial and bideltoid distance on shoulder dystocia and birth weight in newbornsJournal of the Turkish German Gynecological Association · 2022Article
- A new approach to predicting shoulder dystocia: fetal clavicle measurementTurkish journal of medical sciences · 2021Observational
- Application of natural shoulder delivery combined with free position delivery in maternal delivery.American journal of translational research · 2021Article
- Overview of techniques to manage shoulder dystocia during vaginal birth.European journal of midwifery · 2021Review
- Shoulder Shrug Maneuver to Facilitate Delivery During Shoulder Dystocia.Obstetrics and gynecology · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Shoulder dystocia can lead to death or brain damage for the baby. Traction on the head can damage the brachial plexus. The diagnosis should be made when the mother cannot push the shoulders out with her own efforts with the next contraction after delivery of the head. There should be no traction on the head to diagnose shoulder dystocia. McRoberts' position is acceptable but it should not be accompanied by any traction on the head. If the posterior shoulder is in the sacral hollow then the best approach is to use posterior axillary traction to deliver the posterior shoulder and arm. If both shoulders are above the pelvic brim, the posterior arm should be brought down with Jacquemier's maneuver. If that fails, cephalic replacement or symphysiotomy is the next step. After shoulder dystocia is resolved, one should wait 1 minute or so to allow placental blood to return to the baby before cutting the umbilical cord.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.