ReviewPediatric research2019
High unbound bilirubin for age: a neurotoxin with major effects on the developing brain.
Review in Pediatric research, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 56 citations in OpenAlex.
- Neuroprotective role of bilirubin in Parkinson's disease.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2026Review
- Comparative analysis of metabolome and transcriptomes to explore the inhibited influence of sonodynamic therapy combined with lonidamine on hepatocellular carcinoma.Drug delivery · 2025Article
- Integrated machine learning identifies biomarkers for bilirubin-induced Alzheimer's disease-like lesions in neonates and adults.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Efficacy of sialic acid supplementation in early life in autism model rats.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Association between serum total bilirubin levels and 28-day all-cause mortality after intracerebral hemorrhage.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
- Bilirubin Molecular Species Play an Important Role in the Pathophysiology of Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Inhibition of Microglial Activation Ameliorates Inflammation, Reduced Neurogenesis in the hippocampus, and Impaired Brain Function in a Rat Model of Bilirubin Encephalopathy.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2024Article
- Bilirubin impairs neuritogenesis and synaptogenesis in NSPCs by downregulating NMDAR-CREB-BDNF signaling.In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Animal · 2024Article
- Spectral analysis with highly collimated mini-LEDs as light sources for quantitative detection of direct bilirubin.Discover nano · 2024Article
- Bilirubin and Redox Stress in Age-Related Brain Diseases.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Chemoprevention of bilirubin encephalopathy with a nanoceutical agent.Pediatric research · 2023Article
- Role of transcranial Doppler in assessment of cerebral blood flow in full term neonates with extreme unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia.Journal of ultrasound · 2023Article
- Noninvasive direct bilirubin detection by spectral analysis of color images using a Mini-LED light source.Discover nano · 2023Article
- Effects of bacterial and viral pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) on multidrug resistance (MDR) transporters in brain endothelial cells of the developing human blood-brain barrier.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2023Article
- Development and evaluation clinical-radiomics analysis based on T1-weighted imaging for diagnosing neonatal acute bilirubin encephalopathy.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Article
- Causal relationships of neonatal jaundice, direct bilirubin and indirect bilirubin with autism spectrum disorder: A two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Bilirubin Encephalopathy.Current neurology and neuroscience reports · 2022Review
- Review
- Perinatal Factors in Newborn Are Insidious Risk Factors for Childhood Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Population-based Study.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2022Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia is one of the most frequent diagnoses made in neonates. A high level of unconjugated bilirubin that is unbound to albumin is neurotoxic when the level exceeds age-specific thresholds or at lower levels in neonates with neurotoxic risk factors. Lower range of unbound bilirubin results in apoptosis, while moderate-to-high levels result in neuronal necrosis. Basal ganglia and various brain stem nuclei are more susceptible to bilirubin toxicity. Proposed mechanisms of bilirubin-induced neurotoxicity include excessive release of glutamate, mitochondrial energy failure, release of proinflammatory cytokines, and increased intracellular calcium concentration. These mechanisms are similar to the events that occur following hypoxic-ischemic insult in neonates. Severe hyperbilirubinemia in term neonates has been shown to be associated with increased risk for autism spectrum disorders. The neuropathological finding of bilirubin-induced neurotoxicity also includes cerebellar injury with a decreased number of Purkinje cells, and disruption of multisensory feedback loop between cerebellum and cortical neurons which may explain the clinical characteristics of autism spectrum disorders. Severe hyperbilirubinemia occurs more frequently in infants from low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). Simple devices to measure bilirubin, and timely treatment are essential to reduce neurotoxicity, and improve outcomes for thousands of neonates around the world.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.