ArticleBMC evolutionary biology2018
Differentiation of haploid and diploid fertilities in Gracilaria chilensis affect ploidy ratio.
Article in BMC evolutionary biology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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5 citing papers in PubMed.
- The evolutionary ecology of reproduction in the red alga Palmaria palmata: Insights from an atypical life cycle.Journal of phycology · 2026Article
- Stable demographic ratios of haploid gametophyte to diploid sporophyte abundance in macroalgal populations.PloS one · 2024Article
- Ploidy Identification by Flow Cytometry and Application of the Method to Characterize Seasonal Ploidy Variation of Wild Populations of the Red Alga Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis.Marine biotechnology (New York, N.Y.) · 2022Article
- Differential Frond Growth in the Isomorphic Haploid-diploid Red Seaweed Agarophyton chilense by Long-term In Situ Monitoring.Journal of phycology · 2021Article
- A model for the biomass-density dynamics of seagrasses developed and calibrated on global data.BMC ecology · 2019Article
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Abstract
backgroundAlgal isomorphic biphasic life cycles alternate between free-living diploid (tetrasporophytes) and haploid (dioicious gametophytes) phases and the hypotheses explaining their maintenance are still debated. Classic models state that conditional differentiation between phases is required for the evolutionary stability of biphasic life cycles while other authors proposed that the uneven ploidy abundances observed in the field are explained by their cytological differences in spore production.
resultsWe monitored the state and fate of individuals of the red seaweed Gracilaria chilensis periodically for 3 years in five intertidal pools from two sites with distinct conditions. We tested for differentiation in fecundity and spore survival among the gametophyte males and females (haploids) and the tetrasporophytes (diploids). We tested for the influence of fecundity and spore survival on the observed uneven ploidy abundances in recruits. The probability of a frond becoming fecund was size-dependent, highest for the haploid males and lowest for the haploid females, with the diploids displaying intermediate probabilities. Fecund diploids released more tetraspores than carpospores released by the haploid females. Spore survival depended on ploidy and on the local density of co-habiting adult fronds. An advantage of diploid over haploid germlings was observed at very low and very high adult fronds densities.
conclusionsNeither spore production nor spore survival determined the highly variable ploidy ratio within G. chilensis recruits. This result invalidates the hypothesis of natural cytological differences in spore production as the only driver of uneven field ploidy abundances in this species. Diploid spores (carpospores) survived better than haploid spores (tetraspores), especially in locations and time periods that were associated with the occurrence of strong biotic and abiotic stressors. We hypothesise that carpospore survival is higher due to support by their haploid female progenitors passing-on nutrients and chemical compounds improving survival under stressful conditions.
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