ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2018
Association of Low Lead Levels with Behavioral Problems and Executive Function Deficits in Schoolers from Montevideo, Uruguay.
Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Lead exposure and antisocial behavior: A systematic review of human and animal evidence.Environment international · 2025Pooled it
- Exploring the link between toxic metal exposure and ADHD: a systematic review of pb and hg.Journal of neurodevelopmental disorders · 2024Pooled it
- Blood lead levels ≤10 micrograms/deciliter and executive functioning across childhood development: A systematic review.Neurotoxicology and teratologyPooled it
- Lead exposure and risk of ADHD and conduct disorders in children: evidence from a retrospective cohort in Philadelphia, PA.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2026Article
- Childhood Pb-induced cognitive dysfunction: structural equation modeling of hot and cold executive functions.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2025Article
- Low-level arsenic exposure, childhood neighborhood disadvantage, and executive functions in adolescents from Montevideo, Uruguay.Environmental research · 2025Article
- Diet quality and blood lead levels in Uruguayan first graders.The Science of the total environment · 2024Article
- The relationship between lead levels and reading acquisition in Spanish speakers, evidence from Uruguayan schoolers.Neurotoxicology · 2024Article
- Article
- Effects of Blood Lead Levels <10 µg/dL in School-Age Children and Adolescents: A Scoping Review.Pediatrics · 2024Article
- Blood lead levels and math learning in first year of school: An association for concern.Environmental research · 2024Article
- Pyrethroid and Chlorpyrifos Pesticide Exposure, General Intellectual Abilities, and Executive Functions of School Children from Montevideo, Uruguay.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Knowledge, confidence, and reported behaviors that promote safe water drinking among women of reproductive age.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Childhood lead exposure and sex-based neurobehavioral functioning in adolescence.Neurotoxicology · 2022Article
- Parent report of child behaviour: Findings from the Flint Registry cohort.Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology · 2022Article
- Article
- Prenatal exposure to chemical mixtures and working memory among adolescents.Environmental research · 2022Article
- Contribution of household drinking water intake to arsenic and lead exposure among Uruguayan schoolchildren.Chemosphere · 2022Article
- Blood lead levels mediate the relationship between social adversity and child externalizing behavior.Environmental research · 2022Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The negative effect of lead exposure on children's intelligence is well-documented. Less is known about the impact of lead on the use of executive functions to self-regulate behavior. We measured blood lead level (BLL) in a sample of first grade children from Montevideo, Uruguay (n = 206, age 6.7 ± 0.5 years, 59.7% boys). Behavior was assessed with teacher versions of the Conners Rating Scale (CRS) and the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Functions (BRIEF). Mean BLL was 4.2 ± 2.1 μg/dL; 10% had mild-to-severe ratings of Attentional Deficit with Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) (T score > 65). In negative binomial regression, BLL was not associated with CRS sub-scales, but was associated with a poorer ability to inhibit inappropriate behaviors, prevalence ratio (PR) [95% CI]: 1.01 [1.00, 1.03] as measured by the BRIEF. In covariate-adjusted models, the association with BLL was attenuated. When stratified by sex, the covariate-adjusted association between BLL, hyperactivity, poorer inhitibion, emotional control, and behavioral regulation was marginally significant for girls but not boys. In summary, among children with low lead-exposure, we found some, but nonetheless modest, evidence of a relationship between higher BLL and child behavior. If confirmed by larger studies and other objective measures of behavior, such links could have implications for learning and social interaction, particularly among girls.
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Registered trials
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