ReviewJournal of clinical medicine2018
Comparative Effectiveness of the Core Components of Cardiac Rehabilitation on Mortality and Morbidity: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.
Review in Journal of clinical medicine, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 82 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
82 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Pooled it
- [Effects of Non-Pharmacological Interventions on Major Adverse Cardiac Events in Patients Underwent Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis].Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing · 2024Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Systematic review of cardiac rehabilitation guidelines: Quality and scope.European journal of preventive cardiology · 2020Pooled it
- Cardiac Rehabilitation Using the Family-Centered Empowerment Model is Effective in Improving Long-term Mortality in Patients with Myocardial Infarction: A 10-year Follow-Up Randomized Clinical Trial.High blood pressure & cardiovascular prevention : the official journal of the Italian Society of Hypertension · 2024Trial
- Effectiveness of early cardiac rehabilitation in patients with heart valve surgery: a randomized, controlled trial.The Journal of international medical research · 2022Trial
- Influence of cardiopulmonary exercise test on platelet function in patients with coronary artery diseases on antiplatelet therapy.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2022Trial
- Cardiac rehabilitation coverage and program characteristics in Latin America and the Caribbean: Comparisons from the ICCPR's 2025 Global Audit Update.Brazilian journal of physical therapy · 2026Article
- Metacognitive Therapy in Cardiac Rehabilitation: Staff Barriers and Enablers to Training in an Evidence-Based Psychological Treatment for Anxiety and Depression.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2026Article
- Cardiac Rehabilitation Program-Related Factors Associated With Morbidity Among Patients in Low-Resource Settings: Analysis From the International Cardiac Rehabilitation Registry.Journal of cardiopulmonary rehabilitation and prevention · 2026Observational
- Social Inequality in the Comprehensive Cardiac Rehabilitation Pathway: A Nationwide Cohort Study Across Hospitals and Primary Health Care Centers.Journal of cardiopulmonary rehabilitation and prevention · 2026Article
- Smartphone Ownership Among Cardiology Inpatients Pre-COVID-19 and Post-COVID-19 Pandemic: Secondary Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.JMIR cardio · 2026Article
- Comparing the sleep benefits of Nature-Based Interventions: Evidence from a Bayesian Network meta-analysis.iScience · 2026Article
- Atrial Fibrillation Modifies the Relationship Between Beta Blocker Dose and Physical Capacity After Myocardial Infarction.Clinics and practice · 2026Article
- Glycocalyx degradation: exploring related mechanisms, pathophysiological significance, and therapeutic prospects.Journal of physiology and biochemistry · 2026Review
- Effects of Health Action Process Approach (HAPA)-Guided Exercise Rehabilitation on Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Perimenopausal Women with CHD: A Randomized Controlled Trial.International journal of women's health · 2026Article
- "If you ask me … ": experienced cardiac rehabilitation patients' perspectives on maintaining regular heart-healthy physical activity.International journal of qualitative studies on health and well-being · 2025Article
- Early postoperative 6-minute walk test in cardiac surgery patients: an observational study assessing safety, feasibility, and predictors of completion in India.Acute and critical care · 2025Article
- Evaluating Cardiovascular Patient Support Groups: A Cross-Sectional Control-Group Questionnaire Study of Patients and Healthcare Providers.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Cardiac Rehabilitation in the Era of CRT and ARNI: A Missing Link in Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction Care.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
22 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
A systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA) of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the core components of cardiac rehabilitation (CR), nutritional counseling (NC), risk factor modification (RFM), psychosocial management (PM), patient education (PE), and exercise training (ET)) was undertaken. Published RCTs were identified from database inception dates to April 2017, and risk of bias assessed using Cochrane's tool. Endpoints included mortality (all-cause and cardiovascular (CV)) and morbidity (fatal and non-fatal myocardial infarction (MI), coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG), percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), and hospitalization (all-cause and CV)). Meta-regression models decomposed treatment effects into the main effects of core components, and two-way or all-way interactions between them. Ultimately, 148 RCTs (50,965 participants) were included. Main effects models were best fitting for mortality (e.g., for all-cause, specifically PM (hazard ratio HR = 0.68, 95% credible interval CrI = 0.54⁻0.85) and ET (HR = 0.75, 95% CrI = 0.60⁻0.92) components effective), MI (e.g., for all-cause, specifically PM (hazard ratio HR = 0.76, 95% credible interval CrI = 0.57⁻0.99), ET (HR = 0.75, 95% CrI = 0.56⁻0.99) and PE (HR = 0.68, 95% CrI = 0.47⁻0.99) components effective) and hospitalization (e.g., all-cause, PM (HR = 0.76, 95% CrI = 0.58⁻0.96) effective). For revascularization (including CABG and PCI individually), the full interaction model was best-fitting. Given that each component, individual or in combination, was associated with mortality and/or morbidity, recommendations for comprehensive CR are warranted.
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