ArticlePloS one2018
The Portuguese version of the European Deprivation Index: Development and association with all-cause mortality.
Article in PloS one, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Do Current Measures of Social Exclusion Depict the Multidimensional Challenges of Marginalized Urban Areas? Insights, Gaps and Future Research.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Pooled it
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- Development of the Thailand district-level Socioeconomic Deprivation Index: a census-based methodological study.Health research policy and systems · 2026Article
- The impact of an aging population on the Portuguese healthcare system-the primary healthcare perspective and the potential of the WHO ICOPE approach.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Neighbourhood Socioeconomic Deprivation and Older Adults' Cognitive Decline in Porto, Portugal: A 13-Year (2005-2018) Longitudinal Analysis Using the Population-Based EPIPorto Cohort.International journal of public health · 2026Article
- Food Insecurity and Appetitive Traits: A Prospective Analysis in Generation XXI Cohort.The International journal of eating disorders · 2025Article
- Neighborhood Socioeconomic Deprivation and Gender Disparities in Children with Excessive Body Weight in a Southern European Municipality.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Health Literacy and Adherence to Therapy in Type 2 Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study in Portugal.Health literacy research and practice · 2024Article
- Social deprivation and diabetic kidney disease: A European view.Journal of diabetes investigation · 2024Review
- Article
- The role of early functional neuroimaging in predicting neurodevelopmental outcomes in neonatal encephalopathy.European journal of pediatrics · 2023Article
- Spatiotemporal evolution of COVID-19 in Portugal's Mainland with self-organizing maps.International journal of health geographics · 2023Article
- Geographic patterns and hotspots of pediatric tuberculosis: the role of socioeconomic determinants.Jornal brasileiro de pneumologia : publicacao oficial da Sociedade Brasileira de Pneumologia e Tisilogia · 2023Article
- COVID-19 mRNA vaccine effectiveness (second and first booster dose) against hospitalisation and death during Omicron BA.5 circulation: cohort study based on electronic health records, Portugal, May to July 2022.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2022Article
- Classification of Deprivation Indices That Applied to Detect Health Inequality: A Scoping Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Machine learning methods to predict attrition in a population-based cohort of very preterm infants.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Association between Land Use Mix and Respiratory Symptoms and Asthma in Children from the Generation XXI Birth Cohort.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2022Article
- Intra-urban variation in tuberculosis and community socioeconomic deprivation in Lisbon metropolitan area: a Bayesian approach.Infectious diseases of poverty · 2022Article
- Community socioeconomic deprivation and SARS-CoV-2 infection risk: findings from Portugal.European journal of public health · 2022Article
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Abstract
Socioeconomic inequalities are major health determinants. To monitor and understand them at local level, ecological indexes of socioeconomic deprivation constitute essential tools. In this study, we describe the development of the updated version of the European Deprivation Index for Portuguese small-areas (EDI-PT), describe its spatial distribution and evaluate its association with a general health indicator-all-cause mortality in the period 2009-2012. Using data from the 2011 European Union-Statistics on Income and Living Conditions Survey (EU-SILC), we obtained an indicator of individual deprivation. After identifying variables that were common to both the EU-SILC and the census, we used the indicator of individual deprivation to test if these variables were associated with individual-level deprivation, and to compute weights. Accordingly, eight variables were included. The EDI-PT was produced for the smallest area unit possible (n = 18084 census block groups, mean/area = 584 inhabitants) and resulted from the weighted sum of the eight selected variables. It was then categorized into quintiles (Q1-least deprived to Q5-most deprived). To estimate the association with mortality we fitted Bayesian spatial models. The EDI-PT was unevenly distributed across Portugal-most deprived areas concentrated in the South and in the inner North and Centre of the country, and the least deprived in the coastal North and Centre. The EDI-PT was positively and significantly associated with overall mortality, and this relation followed a rather clear dose-response relation of increasing mortality as deprivation increases (Relative Risk Q2 = 1.012, 95% Credible Interval 0.991-1.033; Q3 = 1.026, 1.004-1.048; Q4 = 1.053, 1.029-1.077; Q5 = 1.068, 1.042-1.095). Summing up, we updated the index of socioeconomic deprivation for Portuguese small-areas, and we showed that the EDI-PT constitutes a sensitive measure to capture health inequalities, since it was consistently associated with a key measure of population health/development, all-cause mortality. We strongly believe this updated version will be widely employed by social and medical researchers and regional planners.
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