ReviewMetallomics : integrated biometal science2019
The biological fate of gadolinium-based MRI contrast agents: a call to action for bioinorganic chemists.
Review in Metallomics : integrated biometal science, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 60 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
60 citing papers in PubMed.
- EPR-based Assessment of Gadolinium-based Contrast Agent Retention and Gadolinium Transchelation in Inflamed Murine Brain.Investigative radiology · 2026Article
- Isomerism and Relaxation Properties of Lanthanide(III) Complexes of a Ditopic Ligand with Two DO3A Units Bridged by a Methylene-bis(phosphinate) Spacer.Inorganic chemistry · 2026Article
- Gadolinium-Based Contrast Agents and the Theater of Safety.Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN · 2026Article
- Article
- Magnetic nanoparticle contrast agents for MRI: structure-property relationships,Nanotechnology · 2026Review
- Investigating Cu(II) Complexes for MRI: A Comprehensive Approach Using EPR, Relaxometry, and Computational Modeling.Inorganic chemistry · 2026Article
- Gadolinium Pollution-A Future Forward Perspective on Human and Environmental Impact.Magnetic resonance in medicine · 2026Review
- Biodistribution and Biodegradation of an Osteoinductive Supramolecular Polymer Implant in a Rat Spinal Fusion Model.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2026Article
- Water Proton Spin Relaxivities and Absolute Fluorescent Quantum Yields of Triply and Quadruply Mixed Lanthanide Oxide Nanoparticles.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Superhydrophilic FeAngewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) · 2025Article
- Gadolinium toxicity: mechanisms, clinical manifestations, and nanoparticle role.Archives of toxicology · 2025Review
- Manganese-based type I collagen-targeting MRI probe for in vivo imaging of liver fibrosis.Npj imaging · 2025Article
- A novel protein for bioremediation of gadolinium waste.Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society · 2025Article
- Texture analysis of cardiovascular MRI native T1 mapping in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy.Orphanet journal of rare diseases · 2025Article
- The Role of Advanced Cardiac Imaging in Monitoring Cardiovascular Complications in Patients with Extracardiac Tumors: A Descriptive Review.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2024Review
- Anthropogenic gadolinium in the Tone River (Japan): an update showing a 7.7-fold increase from 1996 to 2020.European radiology experimental · 2024Article
- In Vivo Evaluation of Innovative Gadolinium-Based Contrast Agents Designed for Bioimaging Applications.Polymers · 2024Article
- Toxicity Mechanisms of Gadolinium and Gadolinium-Based Contrast Agents-A Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- A Review on the Design of Carbon-Based Nanomaterials as MRI Contrast Agents.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- X-ray and nuclear spectroscopies to reveal the element specific oxidation states and electronic spin states for nanoparticulated manganese cyanidoferrates and analogs.Physchem (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) are widely used with clinical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and 10 s of millions of doses of GBCAs are administered annually worldwide. GBCAs are hydrophilic, thermodynamically stable and kinetically inert gadolinium chelates. In clinical MRI, 5-10 millimoles of Gd ion is administered intravenously and the GBCA is rapidly eliminated intact primarily through the kidneys into the urine. It is now well-established that the Gd3+ ion, in some form(s), is partially retained in vivo. In patients with advanced kidney disease, there is an association of Gd retention with nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF) disease. However Gd is also retained in the brain, bone, skin, and other tissues in patients with normal renal function, and the presence of Gd can persist months to years after the last administration of a GBCA. Regulatory agencies are restricting the use of specific GBCAs and inviting health care professionals to evaluate the risk/benefit ratio prior to using GBCAs. Despite the growing number of studies investigating this issue both in animals and humans, the biological distribution and the chemical speciation of the residual gadolinium are not fully understood. Is the GBCA retained in its intact form? Is the Gd3+ ion dissociated from its chelator, and if so, what is its chemical form? Here we discuss the current state of knowledge regarding the issue of Gd retention and describe the analytical and spectroscopic methods that can be used to investigate the Gd speciation. Many of the physical methods that could be brought to bear on this problem are in the domain of bioinorganic chemistry and we hope that this review will serve to inspire this community to take up this important problem.
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Registered trials
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