Evidence map›Paper›PMID 30515390›Full record

ArticleBioMed research international2018

Coconut Water: An Unexpected Source of Urinary Citrate.

Roshan M Patel, Pengbo Jiang, John Asplin, Ignacio Granja, Taylor Capretz, Kathryn Osann, Zhamshid Okhunov, Jaime Landman, Ralph V Clayman

Registry-linked trialOpen access · hybridAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BioMed research international, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04073719 (Apple Cider Vinegar for the Prevention of Urinary Lithiasis), which is not on this map. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
0.8field-weighted citation impact, top 30% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT04073719 naunknown statusnot on this mapstarted 2019, after this paper: background citation

Apple Cider Vinegar for the Prevention of Urinary Lithiasis (APUL)

TypeinterventionalSponsorUnited States Naval Medical Center, San DiegoRan2019 to 2022Enrolled50ConditionsKidney Stones, Urolithiasis, HypocitraturiaArmsApple Cider Vinegar, Other Beverage
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Trial
  2. Review
  3. Kidney Stone Prevention.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2023
    Review
  4. Diet and Stone Disease in 2022.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022
    Review
  5. Review
  6. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Roshan M PatelDepartment of Urology, University of California, Irvine, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-0542-8992
Pengbo JiangDepartment of Urology, University of California, Irvine, USA.
John AsplinLitholink Corporation, Laboratory Corporation of America® Holdings, USA.
Ignacio GranjaLitholink Corporation, Laboratory Corporation of America® Holdings, USA.
Taylor CapretzDepartment of Urology, University of California, Irvine, USA.
Kathryn OsannDepartment of Medicine University of California, Irvine, USA.
Zhamshid OkhunovDepartment of Urology, University of California, Irvine, USA.
Jaime LandmanDepartment of Urology, University of California, Irvine, USA.
Ralph V ClaymanDepartment of Urology, University of California, Irvine, USA.
University of California, Irvine · USLink Foundation · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeCoconut water has long been touted for its medicinal qualities including natural hydration. We sought to determine whether its consumption would induce changes to urinary lithogenic factors beyond changes in urine volume. MATERIALS AND

methodsAfter Institutional Review Board approval, volunteers with no prior history of nephrolithiasis were recruited. Each participant was randomized initially to either the coconut water or the water phase of the study. Participants kept meticulous food and fluid intake logs during the first phase of the study and were asked to replicate that diet for the second phase. For each phase the participant consumed 2L of either Taste of Nirvana® pure coconut water or tap water daily for four days. Participants were not restricted to consume additional fluid of their choice during their assigned study phase. During days 3 and 4 of each phase the participant collected a 24-hour urine specimen. Coconut water citrate and malate content were measured and were used along with the beverage pH to calculate the total alkali content of the coconut water. Supersaturation levels were calculated using Equil2. Nonparametric paired analysis using the Wilcoxon test was performed for statistical analysis.

resultsThere were 4 adult male and 4 adult female participants. Each individual's 24-hour urine collection had a creatinine excretion within 20% of the mean for each subject's four samples corroborating that all samples were collected properly. The two samples from each phase for each individual were averaged. The coconut water itself was also analyzed and it was calculated to have a total alkali content of 13.8 mEq/L. Consumption of coconut water significantly increased urinary citrate (29%, p=0.02), urinary potassium (130%, p=0.01), and urinary chloride (37%, p=0.03), without affecting urine pH (p=0.16) or volume beyond that of tap water (p=1.00).

conclusionsCoconut water consumption increases urinary potassium, chloride, and citrate in nonstone forming individuals.

Indexed as

AdultAlkaliesBeveragesChloridesCitric AcidCocosFemaleHumansHydrogen-Ion ConcentrationMalatesMaleNephrolithiasisPotassiumUrinary TractWaterAlkaliesChloridesCitric AcidMalatesmalic acidPotassiumWater

Identifiers

PMID30515390
PMCPMC6236775
OpenAlexW2899280805

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.