ArticleJournal of healthcare engineering2018
How to Build a Patient-Specific Hybrid Simulator for Orthopaedic Open Surgery: Benefits and Limits of Mixed-Reality Using the Microsoft HoloLens.
Article in Journal of healthcare engineering, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 53 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
53 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 170 citations in OpenAlex.
- Utility of optical see-through head mounted displays in augmented reality-assisted surgery: A systematic review.Medical image analysis · 2022Pooled it
- Applicability of augmented reality in orthopedic surgery - A systematic review.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2020Pooled it
- An immersive mixed reality surgical self-training system for precise pedicle screw placement: a randomized controlled trial.BMC medical education · 2025Trial
- Utilization of facial fat grafting augmented reality guidance system in facial soft tissue defect reconstruction.Head & face medicine · 2024Trial
- The global contributions and emerging trends of extended reality-driven transformation in orthopedic surgical education: a bibliometric study.Journal of robotic surgery · 2026Review
- Evaluation of a mixed reality navigation simulator for training of minimally invasive interventions of the spine: a pilot didactic plan.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2026Article
- A Mixed-Reality Navigation Simulator for Training Infiltration Procedures of the Spine: Evaluation in Kambin Triangle Location.The international journal of medical robotics + computer assisted surgery : MRCAS · 2026Article
- Orthopedic surgery assisted by mixed reality technology: systematic review.Frontiers in surgery · 2026Review
- The digital evolution of surgical planning: a systematic review of immersive and interactive technologies.Frontiers in surgery · 2026Review
- Exploring the Application of HoloLens Mixed Reality Combined with Eye Tracking and Visual Perception Technologies in Pediatric Orthopedic 3D Education.Journal of medical systems · 2025Review
- The Evolution of Machine Learning and Its Applications in Orthopaedics: A Bibliometric Analysis.Cureus · 2025Review
- The efficacy of 3D hologram support with mixed-reality technique in pancreatobiliary endoscopy.Journal of hepato-biliary-pancreatic sciences · 2025Article
- An attempt to evaluate the use of mixed reality in surgically treated pediatric oncology patients.NPJ digital medicine · 2025Article
- Exploring Mixed Reality for Patient Education in Cerebral Angiograms: A Pilot Study.Applied clinical informatics · 2025Article
- Emerging Applications of Augmented and Mixed Reality Technologies in Motor Rehabilitation: A Scoping Review.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Enhancing surgical navigation: a robust hand-eye calibration method for the Microsoft HoloLens 2.International journal of computer assisted radiology and surgery · 2025Article
- Evaluating Augmented Reality Head-Mounted Devices in Healthcare: A Review of Hardware, Software, and Usability Approaches.Medical devices (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2025Review
- Exploring prospects, hurdles, and road ahead for generative artificial intelligence in orthopedic education and training.BMC medical education · 2024Review
- Accuracy and efficiency of drilling trajectories with augmented reality versus conventional navigation randomized crossover trial.NPJ digital medicine · 2024Article
- Mixed reality applications in upper extremity surgery: the future is now.EFORT open reviews · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Orthopaedic simulators are popular in innovative surgical training programs, where trainees gain procedural experience in a safe and controlled environment. Recent studies suggest that an ideal simulator should combine haptic, visual, and audio technology to create an immersive training environment. This article explores the potentialities of mixed-reality using the HoloLens to develop a hybrid training system for orthopaedic open surgery. Hip arthroplasty, one of the most common orthopaedic procedures, was chosen as a benchmark to evaluate the proposed system. Patient-specific anatomical 3D models were extracted from a patient computed tomography to implement the virtual content and to fabricate the physical components of the simulator. Rapid prototyping was used to create synthetic bones. The Vuforia SDK was utilized to register virtual and physical contents. The Unity3D game engine was employed to develop the software allowing interactions with the virtual content using head movements, gestures, and voice commands. Quantitative tests were performed to estimate the accuracy of the system by evaluating the perceived position of augmented reality targets. Mean and maximum errors matched the requirements of the target application. Qualitative tests were carried out to evaluate workload and usability of the HoloLens for our orthopaedic simulator, considering visual and audio perception and interaction and ergonomics issues. The perceived overall workload was low, and the self-assessed performance was considered satisfactory. Visual and audio perception and gesture and voice interactions obtained a positive feedback. Postural discomfort and visual fatigue obtained a nonnegative evaluation for a simulation session of 40 minutes. These results encourage using mixed-reality to implement a hybrid simulator for orthopaedic open surgery. An optimal design of the simulation tasks and equipment setup is required to minimize the user discomfort. Future works will include Face Validity, Content Validity, and Construct Validity to complete the assessment of the hip arthroplasty simulator.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.