ArticleHarm reduction journal2018
Gender differences in the provision of injection initiation assistance: a comparison of three North American settings.
Article in Harm reduction journal, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Prevalence and Correlates of Providing and Receiving Assistance With the Transition to Injection Drug Use.Epidemiologic reviews · 2020Pooled it
- Context and correlates of providing assistance with someone's first injection in the AIDS linked to the IntraVenous Experience cohort, Baltimore, MD.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2023Article
- Latent polydrug use patterns and the provision of injection initiation assistance among people who inject drugs in three North American settings.Drug and alcohol review · 2023Article
- The influence of poly-drug use patterns on the association between opioid agonist treatment engagement and injecting initiation assistance.Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy · 2022Article
- Gender and the first-time provision of injection initiation assistance among people who inject drugs across two distinct North American contexts: Tijuana, Mexico and Vancouver, Canada.Drug and alcohol review · 2022Article
- Factors associated with smoking and transitioning to nyaope injection amongst women in the City of Tshwane Municipality: A self-report by women.Health SA = SA Gesondheid · 2022Article
- Factors Associated with Likelihood of Initiating Others into Injection Drug Use Among People Who Inject Drugs in West Virginia.AIDS and behavior · 2022Article
- "I would rather do it myself": injection initiation and current injection patterns among women who inject drugs in Tijuana, Mexico.Harm reduction journal · 2021Article
- Article
- Examining the gender composition of drug injecting initiation events: A mixed methods investigation of three North American contexts.The International journal on drug policy · 2021Article
- The role of gender and power dynamics in injection initiation events within intimate partnerships in the US-Mexico border region.Culture, health & sexuality · 2020Article
- Article
- Factors Associated with Frequency of Recent Initiation of Others into Injection Drug Use Among People Who Inject Drugs in Los Angeles and San Francisco, CA, USA, 2016-17.Substance use & misuse · 2019Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
aimIndividuals experience differential risks in their initiation into drug injecting based on their gender. Data suggest women are more likely to be injected after their initiator and to share injection equipment. Little is known, however, regarding how gender influences the risk that people who inject drugs (PWID) may assist others into injection initiation. We therefore sought to investigate the role of "initiator" gender in the provision of injection initiation assistance across multiple settings.
methodsWe employed data from PReventing Injecting by Modifying Existing Responses (PRIMER), a multi-cohort study investigating factors influencing injection initiation assistance provision. Data were drawn from three cohort studies of PWID in San Diego, USA (STAHR II); Tijuana, Mexico (El Cuete IV); and Vancouver, Canada (VDUS). Site-specific logistic regression models were fit, with lifetime provision of injection initiation assistance as the outcome and gender as the independent variable.
resultsOverall, 3.2% (24/746) of the women and 4.6% (63/1367) of the men reported providing injection initiation assistance. In Tijuana, men were more than twice as likely to have provided injection initiation assistance after controlling for potential confounders (adjusted odds ratio = 2.17, 95% confidence interval: 1.22-3.84). Gender was not significantly associated with providing injection initiation assistance in other sites.
conclusionWe identified that being male in Tijuana, specifically, was associated with providing injection initiation assistance, which could inform targeted outreach aimed at reducing the influence of PWID populations on non-injectors in this site. This will likely require that existing interventions address gender- and site-specific factors for effectiveness.
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