ArticleBMC psychiatry2018
Mental health outcomes among Arab refugees, immigrants, and U.S. born Arab Americans in Southeast Michigan: a cross-sectional study.
Article in BMC psychiatry, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 53 citations in OpenAlex.
- Depression and Anxiety Among Arab Individuals in the United States: A Meta-analysis.Journal of immigrant and minority health · 2025Pooled it
- Prevalence of Substance use Among In-Transit Migrants at the Mexico-United States Border.Journal of immigrant and minority health · 2026Article
- Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Toward Blood Pressure Control Among Refugees Resettled in the United States.Journal of epidemiology and global health · 2025Article
- Mediators of the Relationship between Worst Feelings of Depression and Frequency of Emotional Distress among Arabs in the United States.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2025Article
- Ethnic Disparities in Physical, Mental, and Cognitive Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic: a Snapshot of Metro-Detroit.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2025Article
- Mental Health Outcomes and Digital Service Utilization: A Comparative Analysis of Arab American and Arab/Middle Eastern International Students During the COVID-19 Recovery Period.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Mental Health Challenges and Barriers to Care Among Arab Refugees: A Scoping Review of US and Canadian Studies.PRiMER (Leawood, Kan.) · 2025Article
- Acculturative Challenges and Opportunities Among Arab-Speaking MENA Refugees in the United States.Families in society : the journal of contemporary human services · 2024Article
- Food Related Challenges and Mental Health Among U.S. African Migrants: A Narrative Review.Journal of immigrant and minority health · 2024Review
- Risk and Protective Factors for Well-being and Barriers to Help-Seeking Among Arab-Speaking MENA Immigrants and Refugees in North America: A Scoping Review.Global social welfare : research, policy & practice · 2024Article
- Article
- Advancing an individual-community health nexus: Survey, visual, and narrative meanings of mental and physical health for Arab emerging adults.SSM. Mental health · 2023Article
- Suspected Undiagnosed ADRD Among Middle Eastern and North African Americans.Journal of immigrant and minority health · 2023Article
- Suspected undiagnosed ADRD among Middle Eastern and North African Americans.Research square · 2023Article
- The influences of faith on illness representations and coping procedures of mental and cognitive health among aging Arab refugees: a qualitative study.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Article
- Non-European immigrants' self-described strategies for mental health promotion and perceptions of Finnish mental health services: A qualitative descriptive analysis.Perspectives in psychiatric care · 2022Article
- Mental Health Triggers and Protective Factors Among Arabic-Speaking Immigrants and Refugees in North America: A Scoping Review.Journal of immigrant and minority health · 2022Article
- Biological and Environmental Factors Affecting Risk and Resilience among Syrian Refugee Children.Journal of psychiatry and brain science · 2021Article
- Psychosocial Well-Being, Mental Health, and Available Supports in an Arab Enclave: Exploring Outcomes for Foreign-Born and U.S.-Born Adolescents.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2021Article
- Diversity and Political Leaning: Considerations for Epidemiology.American journal of epidemiology · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundArab refugees and immigrants living in the United States may be exposed to political, economic, social, and environmental stressors that may affect their mental health. Yet, little is known regarding mental health outcomes among Arab Americans. The purpose of this study was to measure depression and anxiety levels among Arabs in Southeast Michigan and determine whether these levels differ by resident status: refugee, immigrant, or U.S. born.
methodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study in a convenience sample of 275 adults who self-identify as Arab living in Southeast Michigan. Participants were recruited from a non-profit health and social services organization between August-November 2015. Data were collected via self-administered questionnaires, using standardized instruments to assess depression and anxiety symptoms.
resultsAll three resident groups exhibited high mean levels of depression and anxiety. Refugees reported higher levels of depression and anxiety than either immigrants or U.S. born Arab Americans. After adjustment for sociodemographics, differences between U.S. born Arab Americans and refugees were statistically significant for depression (b = 2.84; 95% CI: 0.21, 5.47), but not for anxiety. Refugees had significantly higher depression scores (b = 3.18, 95% CI: 1.52, 4.84) and anxiety scores (b = 1.31, 95% CI: 0.11, 2.50) than immigrants. Those reporting political violence and religious persecution as reasons for immigration had the highest levels of depression and anxiety.
conclusionsThis convenience sample of Arab Americans reported high levels of depression and anxiety symptoms. Refugees appear to have poorer mental health outcomes than either immigrants or U.S.-born Arab Americans.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.