ArticlePloS one2018
The Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness, Version 2 (MAIA-2).
Article in PloS one, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 20 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 342 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Acupuncture Combined With Mindfulness in the Context of Chronic Pain
Is Knowing the Body Knowing the Mind? Stress-physiology Coherence, Interoception, and Mindfulness
Program for Alleviating and Resolving Trauma and Stress Study (Stage 1 Pilot)
Evaluation of Brain Activity and Oxygenation Using Near-infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) Patients
Neurovegetative Decoupling in the Visceral-brain Axis and Cognitive-emotional Vulnerability in Somatoform Disorders : Interest of Vagal Biofeedback
The PARTS Study: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial of the PARTS Intensive IFS Program vs. a Nature-based Stress Reduction Program for PTSD in a Community Mental Health Clinic
Interoception and Emotion Regulation in Healthy Individuals
Pilot Test of Reconnecting to Internal Sensations and Experiences to Reduce Eating Pathology
Breathing and Decision-Making: an FMRI Study Investigating the Link Between Slow Breathing and Risky Decision-Making
Mentalisierungsbasierte Therapie Versus Bona-fide-Therapie für Patient:Innen Mit Borderline-Persönlichkeitsstörung in Deutschland (MaGnet): Eine Prospektive, Multizentrische Randomisiert-kontrollierte Studie Mentalization-based Treatment Versus Bona-fide Treatment for Patients With Borderline Personality Disorder in Germany (MAGNET): a Prospective, Multi-centre Randomized Controlled Trial
Efficacy of a Positive Induction Through the Use of a Virtual Reality-based Program to Modify Positive Body Image Related Variables in Patients With Low Back Pain.
Body-oriented Psychotherapy vs. Psychoeducation and Treatment Information for Individuals With a History of Child Maltreatment and Trauma-related Symptoms: Assessing Safety, Feasibility, Acceptability, and Preliminary Outcomes
The Effectiveness of The Somatic Intervention 'Dance-Walk' on Body Awareness, Vitality, and Mental Health
Polyvagal Informed Group Skills Training for Body Awareness and Managing Emotions for People Living With Obesity
Interoceptive Awareness and Function in Adolescents With Chronic Pain
Breathing and Decision-Making (ProlEx-Context)
VIBRANT-IBD: Pilot fMRI Study on Neural Correlates of Non-Invasive Vagus Nerve Stimulation in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Remission
Examining the Relationships Between Interoceptive Awareness, Perceived Stress, and Physical Performance Indicators: The Moderator Role of Gender and Sport Type
A Randomised Controlled Feasibility Trial Exploring an Interoceptive-Based Intervention in Patients With Congenital Heart Disease
Effects of a Body-Focused Mindfulness Intervention Added to Standard Inpatient Alcohol Use Disorder Treatment on Emotion Regulation, Interoceptive Awareness, and Alcohol Craving: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Who cites it
342 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Feasibility and Effectiveness of Portable/Remote Heart Rate Variability (HRV) Biofeedback Training in Treating Stress and Mental Health Difficulties: A Systematic Review.Applied psychophysiology and biofeedback · 2026Pooled it
- The Effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Interventions for Depressive Symptoms and Their Relationship to Interoceptive Awareness: A Systematic Review.Alpha psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- A meta-analysis of the effects of mindfulness meditation training on self-reported interoception.Scientific reports · 2025Pooled it
- The relationship between sensory phenomena and interoception across the obsessive-compulsive spectrum: a systematic review.BMC psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Diminished Interoceptive Accuracy in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Systematic Review.Psychophysiology · 2025Pooled it
- A systematic review on the psychological factors behind vaccine hesitancy in the COVID-19 era.Frontiers in public health · 2025Pooled it
- Changes in Interoception in Mind-body Therapies for Chronic Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of behavioral medicine · 2024Pooled it
- From Somatic Experiencing to felt safety: assessing the effects of a body-oriented intervention in adults with various degrees of child maltreatment.European journal of psychotraumatology · 2026Trial
- Effects of Remotely Delivered and Web-Based Interventions on Depression Severity During the COVID-19 Pandemic: 3-Arm Randomized Controlled Trial.JMIR mental health · 2026Trial
- The Effectiveness of Brief Meditation Assisted with Cardiac Biofeedback on Interoceptive Accuracy, Sensibility and Awareness: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Applied psychophysiology and biofeedback · 2026Trial
- Effectiveness of network analysis-driven personalized digital interventions versus standard intervention for depression: a proof-of-concept pilot randomized controlled trial.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Trial
- "StudiCare Mindfulness": effects of an online mindfulness-based intervention on mindfulness, stress, and interoception in university students - a randomized controlled trial.BMC psychology · 2026Trial
- The effects of pyrroloquinoline quinone and nicotinamide mononucleotide supplementation on interoception following acute exhaustive exercise: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.Scientific reports · 2026Trial
- A semi-randomised control trial assessing psychophysiological effects of breathwork and cold immersion.Scientific reports · 2025Trial
- Two weeks to tune in: Evaluating the effects of a short-term body scan on interoception.Applied psychology. Health and well-being · 2025Trial
- Longitudinal effects of interoceptive awareness training as an adjunct to medication treatment for opioid use disorder: A randomized clinical trial of Mindful Awareness in Body-oriented Therapy.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2025Trial
- Enhancing interoceptive awareness in chronic pain and opioid misuse via mindfulness-oriented recovery enhancement.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2025Trial
- Acceptability and Efficacy of a Web-Based, Intuitive Eating-Focused Single Session Intervention for Recurrent Binge Eating: A Randomized Controlled Trial.The International journal of eating disorders · 2025Trial
- Virtual body image exercises for people with obesity - results on eating behavior and body perception of the ViTraS pilot study.BMC medical informatics and decision making · 2025Trial
- Empathetic solicitude attenuates the affective and sensory dimensions of COPsychophysiology · 2025Trial
282 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Interoception, the process by which the nervous system senses, interprets, and integrates signals originating from within the body, has become major research topic for mental health and in particular for mind-body interventions. Interoceptive awareness here is defined as the conscious level of interoception with its multiple dimensions potentially accessible to self-report. The Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness (MAIA) is an 8-scale state-trait questionnaire with 32 items to measure multiple dimensions of interoception by self-report and was published in November 2012. Its numerous applications in English and other languages revealed low internal consistency reliability for two of its scales. This study's objective was to improve these scales and the psychometrics of the MAIA by adding three new items to each of the two scales and evaluate these in a new sample. Data were collected within a larger project that took place as part of the Live Science residency programme at the Science Museum London, UK, where visitors to the museum (N = 1,090) completed the MAIA and the six additional items. Based on exploratory factor analysis in one-half of the adult participants and Cronbach alphas, we discarded one and included five of the six additional items into a Version 2 of the MAIA and conducted confirmatory factor analysis in the other half of the participants. The 8-factor model of the resulting 37-item MAIA-2 was confirmed with appropriate fit indices (RMSEA = 0.055 [95% CI 0.052-0.058]; SRMR = 0.064) and improved internal consistency reliability. The MAIA-2 is public domain and available (www.osher.ucsf.edu/maia) for interoception research and the evaluation of clinical mind-body interventions.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.