ArticleEuropean spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society2019
Three-dimensionally printed vertebrae with different bone densities for surgical training.
Article in European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed.
- Review
- Mechanical validation of 3D-printed orthopaedic surrogate models for screw insertion training.European journal of orthopaedic surgery & traumatology : orthopedie traumatologie · 2026Article
- Biomechanical evaluation of individual 3D-printed vertebrae.BMC biomedical engineering · 2026Article
- A 3D-printed hybrid vertebroplasty, kyphoplasty and screw augmentation teaching model simulating high and low bone mineral densities.Brain & spine · 2026Article
- Biocomposite-Based Biomimetic Plate for Alternative Fixation of Proximal Humerus Fractures.Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Influence of the Cortical Layer Thickness and Trabecular Layer Pattern Density on 3D-Printed Femur Strength.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Design and 3D printing of pelvis phantoms for cementoplasty.Medical physics · 2025Article
- Patient-specific mechanical analysis of pedicle screw insertion in simulated osteoporotic spinal bone models derived from medical images.Asian spine journal · 2024Article
- 3D Printing for Personalized Solutions in Cervical Spondylosis.Orthopedic research and reviews · 2024Review
- Current applications of 3-dimensional printing in spine surgery.Journal of orthopaedics · 2023Article
- Tridimensional models and radiographic study of dorsal laminectomy and thoracolumbar hemilaminectomy in dogs.Acta cirurgica brasileira · 2023Article
- 3D printing in spine care: A review of current applications.Journal of clinical orthopaedics and trauma · 2022Article
- Virtual Scoliosis Surgery Using a 3D-Printed Model Based on Biplanar Radiographs.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Thoracic Pedicle Screw Placement Utilizing Hands-On Training Session on Three-Dimensional Models.Cureus · 2022Article
- 3D-Printed Disease Models for Neurosurgical Planning, Simulation, and Training.Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society · 2022Article
- [3D printing in spinal surgery-Update].Der Unfallchirurg · 2022Review
- Pedicle subtraction osteotomy with patient-specific instruments.North American Spine Society journal · 2021Article
- The Potential of Stereolithography for 3D Printing of Synthetic Trabecular Bone Structures.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Development and Validation of a Mixed Reality Configuration of a Simulator for a Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery Using the Workspace of a Haptic Device and Simulator Users.BioMed research international · 2021Article
- Orientation Planning in the Fused Deposition Modeling 3D Printing of Anatomical Spine Models.Cureus · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
purposeTo evaluate whether 3D-printed vertebrae offer realistic haptic simulation of posterior pedicle screw placement and decompression surgery with normal to osteoporotic-like properties.
methodsA parameterizable vertebra model was developed, adjustable in cortical and cancellous bone thicknesses. Based on this model, five different L3 vertebra types (α, β, γ1, γ2, and γ3) were designed and fourfold 3D-printed. Four spine surgeons assessed each vertebra type and a purchasable L3 Sawbones vertebra. Haptic behavior of six common steps in posterior spine surgery was rated from 1 to 10: 1-2: too soft, 3-4: osteoporotic, 5-6: normal, 7-8: hard, and 9-10: too hard. Torques were measured during pedicle screw insertion.
resultsIn total, 24 vertebrae (six vertebra types times four examiners) were evaluated. Mean surgical assessment scores were: α 3.2 ± 0.9 (osteoporotic), β 1.9 ± 0.7 (too soft), γ1 4.7 ± 0.9 (osteoporotic-normal), γ2 6.3 ± 1.1 (normal), and γ3 7.5 ± 1.1 (hard). All surgeons considered the 3D-printed vertebrae α, γ1, and γ2 as more realistic than Sawbones vertebrae, which were rated with a mean score of 4.1 ± 1.7 (osteoporotic-normal). Mean pedicle screw insertion torques (Ncm) were: α 32 ± 4, β 12 ± 3, γ1 74 ± 4, γ2 129 ± 13, γ3 196 ± 34 and Sawbones 90 ± 11.
conclusionsIn this pilot study, 3D-printed vertebrae displayed haptically and biomechanically realistic simulation of posterior spinal procedures and outperformed Sawbones. This approach enables surgical training on bone density-specific vertebrae and provides an outlook toward future preoperative simulation on patient-specific spine replicas. These slides can be retrieved under Electronic Supplementary Material.
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Registered trials
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