Evidence map›Paper›PMID 30510746›Full record

ReviewFood science & nutrition2018

Fermentation and germination improve nutritional value of cereals and legumes through activation of endogenous enzymes.

Smith G Nkhata, Emmanuel Ayua, Elijah H Kamau, Jean-Bosco Shingiro

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Food science & nutrition, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 220 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
220citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

220 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Review
  5. Nutritional and Functional Effects ofAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026
    Article
  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. Review
  9. Article
  10. Review
  11. Review
  12. Article
  13. Review
  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. Review
  17. Article
  18. Probiotics and Fermented Foods in Human Nutrition.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
    Review
  19. Review
  20. Article

160 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Smith G NkhataDepartment of Agriculture Extension Services Lilongwe Malawi.ORCID 0000-0002-1936-9882
Emmanuel AyuaDepartment of Food Science and Nutrition University of Eldoret Eldoret Kenya.
Elijah H KamauDepartment of Food Science and Nutrition University of Eldoret Eldoret Kenya.
Jean-Bosco ShingiroRwanda Agriculture and Animal Resources Board Kigali Rwanda.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Cereals and legumes are outstanding sources of macronutrients, micronutrients, phytochemicals, as well as antinutritional factors. These components present a complex system enabling interactions with different components within food matrices. The interactions result in insoluble complexes with reduced bioaccessibility of nutrients through binding and entrapment thereby limiting their release from food matrices. The interactions of nutrients with antinutritional factors are the main factor hindering nutrients release. Trypsin inhibitors and phytates inherent in cereals and legumes reduce protein digestibility and mineral release, respectively. Interaction of phytates and phenolic compounds with minerals is significant in cereals and legumes. Fermentation and germination are commonly used to disrupt these interactions and make nutrients and phytochemicals free and accessible to digestive enzymes. This paper presents a review on traditional fermentation and germination processes as a means to address myriad interactions through activation of endogenous enzymes such as α-amylase, pullulanase, phytase, and other glucosidases. These enzymes degrade antinutritional factors and break down complex macronutrients to their simple and more digestible forms.

Identifiers

PMID30510746
PMCPMC6261201

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.