ArticleDrug design, development and therapy2018
Baicalein induces apoptosis and autophagy of breast cancer cells via inhibiting PI3K/AKT pathway in vivo and vitro.
Article in Drug design, development and therapy, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 120 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
120 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 241 citations in OpenAlex.
- The effects of flavonoid baicalein on miRNA expressions in cancer: a systematic review.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2025Pooled it
- A review of PI3K/AKT/mTOR inhibitors from traditional Chinese medicine: potential and perspective for activated phosphoinositide 3-kinase δ syndrome.Orphanet journal of rare diseases · 2026Review
- Unveiling the Influence of Polyphenols on Mitogen-activated Protein Kinases in Cancer.Cell biochemistry and biophysics · 2026Review
- New Advances in the Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies of Gut Microbiota in Regulating Glycolipid Metabolism to Combat Atherosclerosis.Journal of cardiovascular translational research · 2026Review
- Deoxyshikonin inhibits the proliferation, invasion, and tumor immune microenvironment in breast cancer cells by inactivating the PI3K/AKT/NF-κB pathway.Nutrition research and practice · 2026Article
- A Study on the Rationality of Baicalein in the Treatment of Osteoporosis: A Narrative Review.Current protein & peptide science · 2026Review
- Article
- Exploring the mechanism of baicalein on choroid melanoma based on network pharmacology, transcriptomics and experimental verification.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Cancer cachexia as an immunometabolic syndrome: targeting the immunometabolic interface with traditional Chinese Medicine monomers and formulas.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Baicalein Enhances Longevity and Healthspan ofMedComm · 2025Article
- SMART 2.0 Statistical Metabolomics Analysis: An R Tool 2.0.Analytical chemistry · 2025Article
- Anti-metastatic potential of flavonoids for the treatment of cancers: focus on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2025Review
- Baicalein inhibits mycobacterium tuberculosis-induced macrophage M1 polarization depending on the regulation of YY1/RAB10/TLR4 pathway.Journal of inflammation (London, England) · 2025Article
- Phytoconstituents as emerging therapeutics for breast cancer: Mechanistic insights and clinical implications.Cancer pathogenesis and therapy · 2025Review
- Hypoxia-driven angiogenesis in breast cancer mechanisms and therapeutic targets: a narrative review.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2025Review
- Targeting the Enhanced Sensitivity of Radiotherapy in Cancer: Mechanisms, Applications, and Challenges.MedComm · 2025Review
- Oxygen deprivation in breast cancer: mechanisms, pathways, and implications.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2025Review
- Inhibiting SNX10 induces autophagy to suppress invasion and EMT and inhibits the PI3K/AKT pathway in cervical cancer.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2025Article
- The Therapeutic Potential of Baicalin and Baicalein in Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review of Mechanisms and Efficacy.Current issues in molecular biology · 2025Review
- Natural Products as Novel Therapeutic Agents for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: Current Evidence, Mechanisms, Challenges, and Opportunities.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
60 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeBaicalein, a widely used Chinese herbal medicine, has shown anticancer effects on many types of human cancer cell lines. However, little is known about the underlying mechanism in human breast cancer cells. In this study, we examined the apoptotic and autophagic pathways activated following baicalein treatment in human breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. MATERIALS AND
methodsIn in vitro study, we used MTT and clone formation assay to confirm the inhibitory role of baicalein on proliferation of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Apoptosis was detected employing Hoechst 33258 staining, JC-1 staining, and flow cytometry. Autophagy was monitored by acridine orange staining and transmission electron microscopy observation. Quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot analysis were employed to study the effects of baicalein on PI3K/AKT signaling components of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. In in vivo study, the effect of baicalein was tested with a breast cancer cells transplantation tumor model.
resultsOur study showed that baicalein has the potential to suppress cell proliferation, induce apoptosis and autophagy of breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, baicalein significantly downregulated the expression of p-AKT, p-mTOR, NF-κB, and p-IκB while enhancing the expression of IκB in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. It also decreased the p-AKT/AKT and p-mTOR/mTOR ratios.
conclusionOur study demonstrated that baicalein induces apoptosis and autophagy of breast cancer cells via inhibiting the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in vivo and vitro. Our study revealed that baicalein may be a potential therapeutic agent for breast cancer.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.