ArticleNature microbiology2019
Clostridium difficile toxins induce VEGF-A and vascular permeability to promote disease pathogenesis.
Article in Nature microbiology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed, 94 citations in OpenAlex.
- Substance P receptor blockade is associated with increased survival of patients withbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Roles of gut and oral microbiota in methamphetamine-induced multi-organ toxicity.Cell biology and toxicology · 2026Review
- Current status and future perspectives of fecal immunological markers in the differential diagnosis of Clostridioides difficile infection in children.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2026Review
- Panaxadiol promotes angiogenesis against chronic cerebral hypoperfusion injury through the VEGF-A/p38 MAPK/Src signaling pathway.Journal of ginseng research · 2026Article
- Diagnostic significance of gut Microbiome dysbiosis and biomarker expression in Egyptians with hepatocellular carcinoma.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Review
- Combination of mitomycin C and low-dose metronidazole synergistically againstAntimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2025Article
- Therapeutic activation of IL-22-producing innate lymphoid cells enhances host defenses to Clostridioides difficile infection.Cell reports · 2025Article
- The role of VEGF in vascular dementia: impact of aging and cellular senescence.Biogerontology · 2025Review
- The interplay between gut bacteria and targeted therapies: implications for future cancer treatments.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2025Review
- Zebrafish (International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Pasteurella multocida infection induces blood-brain barrier disruption by decreasing tight junctions and adherens junctions between neighbored brain microvascular endothelial cells.Veterinary research · 2024Article
- Understanding host immune responses iniMeta · 2024Review
- Exploring the Toxin-Mediated Mechanisms inMicroorganisms · 2024Review
- Pasteurella multocida activates apoptosis via the FAK-AKT-FOXO1 axis to cause pulmonary integrity loss, bacteremia, and eventually a cytokine storm.Veterinary research · 2024Article
- Hypoxia preconditioning of adipose stem cell-derived exosomes loaded in gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) promote type H angiogenesis and osteoporotic fracture repair.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2024Article
- Defined microbial communities and their soluble products protect mice from Clostridioides difficile infection.Communications biology · 2024Article
- Mechanisms and functions of intestinal vascular specialization.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2024Review
- The role of gut microbiome in mediating the effect of inflammatory bowel disease on hypertension: a two-step, two-sample Mendelian randomization study.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2024Article
- An Updated View on the Cellular Uptake and Mode-of-Action of Clostridioides difficile Toxins.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
23 authors at 9 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is mediated by two major exotoxins, toxin A (TcdA) and toxin B (TcdB), that damage the colonic epithelial barrier and induce inflammatory responses. The function of the colonic vascular barrier during CDI has been relatively understudied. Here we report increased colonic vascular permeability in CDI mice and elevated vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A), which was induced in vivo by infection with TcdA- and/or TcdB-producing C. difficile strains but not with a TcdA
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.