ArticleResearch in social & administrative pharmacy : RSAP2019
Applying participatory design to a pharmacy system intervention.
Article in Research in social & administrative pharmacy : RSAP, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 59 citations in OpenAlex.
- Exploring co-design: a systematic review of concepts, processes, models, and frameworks used in public health research.Journal of public health (Oxford, England) · 2025Pooled it
- Evaluating the sustained effectiveness of a novel pharmacy-based intervention to reduce older adult misuse of over-the-counter medications: A case for non-significance.Research in social & administrative pharmacy : RSAP · 2025Trial
- Development of the Pharm-SAVES educational module for gatekeeper suicide prevention training for community pharmacy staff.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2023Trial
- Effectiveness and sustainment of a tailored over-the-counter medication safety intervention in community pharmacies: A randomized controlled trial.Research in social & administrative pharmacy : RSAP · 2022Trial
- Barriers to implementing a pharmacist-led COPD CARE bundle in rural settings: a qualitative evaluation.BMJ open respiratory research · 2026Article
- Developing mHealth IT for Older Adult Medication Safety: Remote Participatory Co-Design Using the RAPID Method.JMIR human factors · 2026Article
- "But Will It Last?": Examining How Pharmacy Staff Perceptions Influence Beliefs About the Sustainability of a Pharmacy-Based Intervention Targeting Older Adult Over-the-Counter (OTC) Medication Misuse.Pharmacy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Participatory Intervention Development of a Peer-Guided Self-Help App for Anxiety Disorders: Mixed Methods Study.JMIR formative research · 2025Article
- Co-development of a community pharmacy training regarding fentanyl and xylazine test strips.Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy · 2025Article
- Exploring strategies to connect formerly incarcerated individuals with community pharmacist-administered injectable naltrexone services.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Investigating the Best Practices for Engagement in Remote Participatory Design: Mixed Methods Analysis of 4 Remote Studies With Family Caregivers.Journal of medical Internet research · 2024Article
- Linking Inner Context and Innovation Factors: Examining a pharmacy-based intervention through the eyes of pharmacy staff.Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy · 2024Article
- Preliminary adaptation of the systems thinking for everyday work cue card set in a US healthcare system: a pragmatic and participatory co-design approach.BMJ open quality · 2024Article
- Improving Care for People Living With Dementia and Diabetes: Applying the Human-Centered Design Process to Continuous Glucose Monitoring.Journal of diabetes science and technology · 2024Article
- An mHealth Design to Promote Medication Safety in Children with Medical Complexity.Applied clinical informatics · 2024Article
- Telecaregiving for Dementia: A Mapping Review of Technological and Nontechnological Interventions.The Gerontologist · 2024Review
- Implementation outcomes of the Structured and Codified SIG format in electronic prescription directions.Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA · 2022Article
- Electronic Co-design (ECO-design) Workshop for Increasing Clinician Participation in the Design of Health Services Interventions: Participatory Design Approach.JMIR human factors · 2022Article
- Helping the Helpers - A research protocol for user-centered technology to aid caregiver management of medications for people with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias.Research in social & administrative pharmacy : RSAP · 2022Article
- Long-Acting Injectable Human Immunodeficiency Virus Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Preferred Over Other Modalities Among People Who Inject Drugs: Findings from a Qualitative Study in California.AIDS patient care and STDs · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundStakeholder engagement is an important component of the research process for improving the use and uptake of patient-centered health care innovations. Participatory design (PD), a method that utilizes the involvement of patients and other stakeholders, is well-suited for the design of multifaceted interventions in complex work systems, such as community pharmacies, that have diverse and dynamic end-users.
objectiveThe objective is to describe a blueprint for how to use PD when designing a community pharmacy intervention. This paper outlines the steps of PD and highlights the advantages and disadvantages of this method.
methodsPD is explained step-wise to underscore the considerations required of researchers unfamiliar with PD. This includes the development of a tailored PD approach, PD session preparatory work, data collection, and intervention development and evaluation. The stakeholders recruited for the community pharmacy intervention were pharmacy staff and older adult patients who received prescriptions at the pharmacy corporation in which the intervention was being implemented. The PD process was a series of six adaptive sessions: (1) problem identification, (2) solution generation, (3) convergence, (4) prototyping, (5) initial evaluation, and (6) formative evaluation.
resultsA description of the PD process to design a community pharmacy intervention is provided. The process led to the development of a patient-centered prototype. The advantages of using PD included the opportunity to clarify problems faced by stakeholders, generation of novel solutions to incorporate into the intervention, and the ability to vet and fine-tune stakeholder design ideas in an iterative fashion. The insight gained was unprecedented and invaluable to the researchers. The biggest challenge of employing PD was the time-sensitive and time-intensive nature of developing each session, collecting data, and reflecting on the results in order to design subsequent sessions.
conclusionsThe PD process led to the development of a patient-centered prototype. PD enabled stakeholders to generate creative solutions and provide unique insight on addressing issues faced in healthcare redesign research and specifically in community pharmacies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.