ArticleBMC microbiology2018
The possible molecular mechanisms of farnesol on the antifungal resistance of C. albicans biofilms: the regulation of CYR1 and PDE2.
Article in BMC microbiology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Fungal biofilm formation and quorum sensing: Regulatory mechanisms and control strategies.World journal of microbiology & biotechnology · 2026Review
- Construction of Candida albicans pRB895-SAP2-SC5314 With SAP2 High Expression and Its Effects on Adhesion.Journal of clinical laboratory analysis · 2025Article
- Farnesol and Selected Nanoparticles (Silver, Gold, Copper, and Zinc Oxide) as Effective Agents Against Biofilms Formed by Pathogenic Microorganisms.Nanotechnology, science and applications · 2024Article
- Autophagy Alters the Susceptibility ofMicroorganisms · 2023Article
- Antifungal activity of Allyl isothiocyanate by targeting signal transduction pathway, ergosterol biosynthesis, and cell cycle inCurrent medical mycology · 2023Article
- Amino acid substitutions in specific proteins correlate with farnesol unresponsiveness in Candida albicans.BMC genomics · 2023Article
- Farnesol delivery via polymeric nanoparticle carriers inhibits cariogenic cross-kingdom biofilms and prevents enamel demineralization.Molecular oral microbiology · 2022Article
- A critical role of farnesol in the modulation of Amphotericin B and Aureobasidin A antifungal drug susceptibility.Mycology · 2022Article
- Cotreatment with Aspirin and Azole Drugs Increases Sensitivity ofInfection and drug resistance · 2021Article
- Bacterial Quorum-Sensing Molecules as Promising Natural Inhibitors ofFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Article
- Review
- Fungal Quorum-Sensing Molecules: A Review of Their Antifungal Effect againstJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Review
- Review
- Inhibiting roles of farnesol and HOG in morphological switching ofAmerican journal of translational research · 2020Review
- Abrogation of pathogenic attributes in drug resistant Candida auris strains by farnesol.PloS one · 2020Article
- Intracellular cAMP Measurements inBio-protocol · 2019Article
- Fungal Quorum-Sensing Molecules and Inhibitors with Potential Antifungal Activity: A Review.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Review
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundFarnesol has potential antifungal activity against Candida albicans biofilms, but the molecular mechanism of this activity is still unclear. Farnesol inhibits hyphal growth by regulating the cyclic AMP (cAMP) signalling pathway in C. albicans, and CYR1 and PDE2 regulate a pair of enzymes that are directly responsible for cAMP synthesis and degradation. Here, we hypothesize that farnesol enhances the antifungal susceptibility of C. albicans biofilms by regulating CYR1 and PDE2.
resultsThe resistance of the CYR1- and PDE2-overexpressing strains to caspofungin, itraconazole and terbinafine was increased in planktonic cells, and that to amphotericin B was increased in biofilms. Meanwhile, the biofilms of the CYR1- and PDE2-overexpressing strains were thicker (all p < 0.05) and consisted of more hyphae than that of the wild strain. The intracellular cAMP levels were higher in the biofilms of the CYR1-overexpressing strain than that in the biofilms of the wild strain (all p < 0.01), while no changes were found in the PDE2-overexpressing strain. Exogenous farnesol decreased the resistance of the CYR1- and PDE2-overexpressing strains to these four antifungals, repressed the hyphal and biofilm formation of the strains, and decreased the intracellular cAMP level in the biofilms (all p < 0.05) compared to the untreated controls. In addition, farnesol decreased the expression of the gene CYR1 and the protein CYR1 in biofilms of the CYR1-overexpressing strain (all p < 0.05) but increased the expression of the gene PDE2 and the protein PDE2 in biofilms of the PDE2-overexpressing strain (all p < 0.01).
conclusionsThe results indicate that CYR1 and PDE2 regulate the resistance of C. albicans biofilms to antifungals. Farnesol suppresses the resistance of C. albicans biofilms to antifungals by regulating the expression of the gene CYR1 and PDE2, while PDE2 regulation was subordinate to CYR1 regulation.
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