ArticleClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2019
Quantifying How Different Clinical Presentations, Levels of Severity, and Healthcare Attendance Shape the Burden of Influenza-associated Illness: A Modeling Study From South Africa.
Article in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The epidemiology of seasonal influenza after the 2009 influenza pandemic in Africa: a systematic review.African health sciences · 2020Pooled it
- Variability in published rates of influenza-associated hospitalizations: A systematic review, 2007-2018.Journal of global health · 2020Pooled it
- Effectiveness of the 2023 Southern Hemisphere Influenza Vaccine Against Outpatient Influenza-Like Illness: A Multi-Country Test-Negative Design Study.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Article
- The National Burden of Influenza-Associated Respiratory Illness Among Children Aged <5 Years in Niger, 2015-2018.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2025Article
- Influenza Vaccine-Averted Illness in Chile, Guyana, and Paraguay During 2013-2018: A Standardized Approach to Assess the Value of Vaccination.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Burden of SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe illness in South Africa (March 2020-August 2022): a synthesis of epidemiological data.BMJ public health · 2025Article
- The National Burden of Influenza-Associated Respiratory Illness Across Levels of Severity in Egypt, 2016-2019.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2024Article
- Article
- Comparing adults with severe SARS-CoV-2 or influenza infection: South Africa, 2016-2021.Southern African journal of infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Vaccine uptake, associated factors and reasons for vaccination status among the South African elderly; findings and next steps.PloS one · 2024Article
- The burden of RSV-associated illness in children aged < 5 years, South Africa, 2011 to 2016.BMC medicine · 2023Article
- Estimating the cost-effectiveness of maternal vaccination and monoclonal antibodies for respiratory syncytial virus in Kenya and South Africa.BMC medicine · 2023Article
- Low influenza vaccine uptake by healthcare workers caring for the elderly in South African old age homes and primary healthcare facilities.BMC public health · 2023Article
- The National COVID-19 Epi Model (NCEM): Estimating cases, admissions and deaths for the first wave of COVID-19 in South Africa.PLOS global public health · 2023Article
- Healthcare utilization during the first two waves of the COVID-19 epidemic in South Africa: A cross-sectional household survey.PloS one · 2023Article
- Estimation of influenza incidence and analysis of epidemic characteristics from 2009 to 2022 in Zhejiang Province, China.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Costs of seasonal influenza vaccination in South Africa.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2022Review
- The national burden of influenza-like illness and severe respiratory illness overall and associated with nine respiratory viruses in South Africa, 2013-2015.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2022Article
- Influenza Vaccination Results in Differential Hemagglutinin Stalk-Specific Fc-Mediated Functions in Individuals Living With or Without HIV.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Development of influenza-associated disease burden pyramid in Shanghai, China, 2010-2017: a Bayesian modelling study.BMJ open · 2021Article
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15 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundBurden estimates of medically and nonmedically attended influenza-associated illness across syndromes and levels of severity are lacking.
methodsWe estimated the national burden of medically and nonmedically attended influenza-associated illness among individuals with different clinical presentations (all-respiratory, all-circulatory, and nonrespiratory/noncirculatory) and levels of severity (mild, fatal, and severe, nonfatal) using a combination of case-based (from laboratory-confirmed influenza surveillance) and ecological studies, as well as data from healthcare utilization surveys in South Africa during 2013-2015. In addition, we compared estimates of medically attended influenza-associated respiratory illness, obtained from case-based and ecological studies. Rates were reported per 100 000 individuals in the population.
resultsThe estimated mean annual number of influenza-associated illness episodes was 10 737 847 (19.8% of 54 096 705 inhabitants). Of these episodes, 10 598 138 (98.7%) were mild, 128 173 (1.2%) were severe, nonfatal, and 11 536 (0.1%) were fatal. There were 2 718 140 (25.6%) mild, 56 226 (43.9%) severe, nonfatal, and 4945 (42.8%) medically attended should be after fatal episodes. Influenza-associated respiratory illness accounted for 99.2% (10 576 146) of any mild, 65.5% (83 941) of any severe, nonfatal, and 33.7% (3893) of any fatal illnesses. Ecological and case-based estimates of medically attended, influenza-associated, respiratory mild (rates: ecological, 1778.8, vs case-based, 1703.3; difference, 4.4%), severe, nonfatal (rates: ecological, 88.6, vs case-based, 75.3; difference, 15.0%), and fatal (rates: ecological, 3.8, vs case-based, 3.5; difference, 8.4%) illnesses were similar.
conclusionsThere was a substantial burden of influenza-associated symptomatic illness, including severe, nonfatal and fatal illnesses, and a large proportion was nonmedically attended. Estimates, including only influenza-associated respiratory illness, substantially underestimated influenza-associated, severe, nonfatal and fatal illnesses. Ecological and case-based estimates were found to be similar for the compared categories.
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