ArticlePloS one2018
Rationale for vaccination with trivalent or quadrivalent live attenuated influenza vaccines: Protective vaccine efficacy in the ferret model.
Article in PloS one, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed.
- Live attenuated influenza vaccine with low proportions of defective interfering particles elicits robust immunogenicity and cross-protection.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Interferon as an immunoadjuvant to enhance antibodies following influenza B infection and vaccination in ferrets.NPJ vaccines · 2024Article
- Tonsil explants as a humanFrontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Article
- COVID-19 Vaccine Booster Strategies for Omicron SARS-CoV-2 Variant: Effectiveness and Future Prospects.Vaccines · 2022Review
- Nasal vaccine as a booster shot: a viable solution to restrict pandemic?Clinical and experimental vaccine research · 2022Review
- Analysis of the adverse events following immunization with inactivated quadrivalent influenza vaccine from 2018 to 2020 in Zhejiang province, with a comparison to trivalent influenza vaccine.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2021Article
- Review
- COVID-19 Pandemic and Vaccines Update on Challenges and Resolutions.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Review
- Impact of Pre-Existing Immunity to Influenza on Live-Attenuated Influenza Vaccine (LAIV) Immunogenicity.Vaccines · 2020Article
- The role of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in coronaviruses/influenza viruses and cardiovascular disease.Cardiovascular research · 2020Review
- Emerging Role of Mucosal Vaccine in Preventing Infection with Avian Influenza A Viruses.Viruses · 2020Review
- Derivation of induced pluripotent stem cells from ferret somatic cells.American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology · 2020Article
- Interplay between cost and effectiveness in influenza vaccine uptake: a vaccination game approach.Proceedings. Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences · 2019Article
- Quadrivalent Influenza Vaccine-Induced Antibody Response and Influencing Determinants in Patients ≥ 55 Years of Age in the 2018/2019 Season.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019Article
- How to assess the effectiveness of nasal influenza vaccines? Role and measurement of sIgA in mucosal secretions.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
aimThe majority of seasonal influenza vaccines are trivalent, containing two A virus strains (H1N1 and H3N2) and one B virus strain. The co-circulation of two distinct lineages of B viruses can lead to mismatch between the influenza B virus strain recommended for the trivalent seasonal vaccine and the circulating B virus. This has led some manufacturers to produce quadrivalent influenza vaccines containing one strain from each B lineage in addition to H1N1 and H3N2 strains. However, it is also important to know whether vaccines containing a single influenza B strain can provide cross-protectivity against viruses of the antigenically distinct lineage. The aim of this study was to assess in naïve ferrets the potential cross-protective activity of trivalent live attenuated influenza vaccine (T-LAIV) against challenge with a heterologous wild-type influenza B virus belonging to the genetically different lineage and to compare this activity with effectiveness of quadrivalent LAIV (Q-LAIV) in the ferret model. METHODS AND
resultsFerrets were vaccinated with either one dose of trivalent LAIV containing B/Victoria or B/Yamagata lineage virus, or quadrivalent LAIV (containing both B lineages), or placebo. They were then challenged with B/Victoria or B/Yamagata lineage wild-type virus 28 days after vaccination. The ferrets were monitored for clinical signs and morbidity. Nasal swabs and lung tissue samples were analyzed for the presence of challenge virus. Antibody response to vaccination was assessed by routine hemagglutination inhibition assay. All LAIVs tested were found to be safe and effective against wild-type influenza B viruses based on clinical signs, and virological and histological data. The absence of interference between vaccine strains in trivalent and quadrivalent vaccine formulations was confirmed. Trivalent LAIVs were shown to have the potential to be cross-protective against infection with genetically different influenza B/Victoria and B/Yamagata lineages.
conclusionsIn this ferret model, quadrivalent vaccine provided higher protection to challenge against both B/Victoria and B/Yamagata lineage viruses. However, T-LAIV provided some cross-protection in the case of a mismatch between circulating and vaccine type B strains. Notably, B/Victoria-based T-LAIV was more protective compared to B/Yamagata-based T-LAIV.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.