ReviewJournal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD2018
The Role of Cognitive Reserve in Alzheimer's Disease and Aging: A Multi-Modal Imaging Review.
Review in Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 49 citations in OpenAlex.
- Transcranial magnetic stimulation treatment in Alzheimer's disease: a meta-analysis of its efficacy as a function of protocol characteristics and degree of personalization.Journal of neurology · 2022Pooled it
- Cognitive Reserve, Alzheimer's Neuropathology, and Risk of Dementia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Neuropsychology review · 2021Pooled it
- Brain correlates of cognitive reserve in offspring of patients with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2026Article
- Cognitive reserve against vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia: A scoping review.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- Oral Supplementation With a Bovine Thymus Extract Reduces Neuronal Excitability in Aging Mice.FASEB bioAdvances · 2026Article
- A Prefrontal Neuromodulation Route for Post-Traumatic Olfactory Dysfunction: A Perspective Supported by Recovery During Left-DLPFC rTMS.Brain sciences · 2026Article
- Associations between cognitive reserve, iron deposition in the basal ganglia, and cognitive function in mild cognitive impairment.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Impaired event-related theta spectral coherence in emotional facial expression processing in neurodegenerative disorders.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2026Article
- Exploring cortical excitability modulation to promote cognitive resilience in aging: an rTMS study protocol.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2026Article
- Association of red blood cell count, hemoglobin concentration, and inflammatory indices with cognitive impairment severity in Alzheimer's disease.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Use of Multiple Languages Provides Cognitive Reserve Amidst Age-Related White Matter Changes.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2025Article
- Cortical excitability and the aging brain: toward a biomarker of cognitive resilience.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
- Effects of theta burst peripheral magnetic stimulation on cortical excitability and upper limb function after stroke: protocol for a randomized controlled trial.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
- Beyond traditional proxies: the contribution of leisure to cognitive reserve and dementia.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2025Article
- Enhanced prefrontal nicotinic signaling as evidence of active compensation in Alzheimer's disease models.Translational neurodegeneration · 2024Article
- APOE ε4 carrier status moderates the effect of lifestyle factors on cognitive reserve.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2024Article
- Effects of a periodic intermittent theta burst stimulation in Alzheimer's disease.General psychiatry · 2024Article
- Validation of the Cognitive Reserve Index Questionnaire (CRIq) in Arabic.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Educational attainment, structural brain reserve and Alzheimer's disease: a Mendelian randomization analysis.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2023Article
- Education differentiates cognitive performance and resting state fMRI connectivity in healthy aging.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Comforts in modern society have generally been associated with longer survival rates, enabling individuals to reach advanced age as never before in history. With the increase in longevity, however, the incidence of neurodegenerative diseases, especially Alzheimer's disease, has also doubled. Nevertheless, most of the observed variance, in terms of time of clinical diagnosis and progression, often remains striking. Only recently, differences in the social, educational and occupational background of the individual, as proxies of cognitive reserve (CR), have been hypothesized to play a role in accounting for such discrepancies. CR is a well-established concept in literature; lots of studies have been conducted in trying to better understand its underlying neural substrates and associated biomarkers, resulting in an incredible amount of data being produced. Here, we aimed to summarize recent relevant published work addressing the issue, gathering evidence for the existence of a common path across research efforts that might ease future investigations by providing a general perspective on the actual state of the arts. An innovative model is hereby proposed, addressing the role of CR across structural and functional evidences, as well as the potential implementation of non-invasive brain stimulation techniques in the causal validation of such theoretical frame.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.