ArticleClinical pharmacology and therapeutics2019
Standardized Biogeographic Grouping System for Annotating Populations in Pharmacogenetic Research.
Article in Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 77 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
77 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 133 citations in OpenAlex.
- Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium (CPIC) Guideline for CYP2D6 Genotype and Use of 5-HTClinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2026Guideline
- Vietnamese pharmacogenomic variation in global context: a systematic review and meta-analysis for clinical implementation.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium Guideline (CPIC) for CYP2D6, ADRB1, ADRB2, ADRA2C, GRK4, and GRK5 Genotypes and Beta-Blocker Therapy.Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2024Guideline
- Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium (CPIC) Guideline for CYP2D6, CYP2C19, CYP2B6, SLC6A4, and HTR2A Genotypes and Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor Antidepressants.Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2023Guideline
- Meta-analysis of probability estimates of worldwide variation of CYP2D6 and CYP2C19.Translational psychiatry · 2021Pooled it
- Multigenetic Pharmacogenomics-Guided Treatment vs Treatment As Usual Among Hospitalized Men With Schizophrenia: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2023Trial
- Trial
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- Analysis of rare coding variants in schizophrenia-associated genes and generalised cognition in the UK Biobank.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Managing Secondary Findings from Germline Pharmacogenomic Testing.Journal of personalized medicine · 2026Article
- Actionable medications in Australian Vietnam War veterans: Implications for pre-emptive pharmacogenetic testing.Australasian psychiatry : bulletin of Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists · 2026Article
- Comprehensive overview of the global pharmacogenetic and functional variability in NUDT15.Human genomics · 2026Review
- The Role of SLC39A8.p.(Ala391Thr) in Schizophrenia Symptom Severity and Cognitive Ability: Cross-Sectional Studies of Schizophrenia and the General UK Population.American journal of medical genetics. Part B, Neuropsychiatric genetics : the official publication of the International Society of Psychiatric Genetics · 2025Article
- A Complete Picture of theInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Frequency and Implications of High-Risk Pharmacogenomic Phenotypes Identified in a Diverse Australian Pediatric Oncology Cohort.Clinical and translational science · 2025Article
- Description and Modeling of Relevant Demographic and Laboratory Variables in a Large Oncology Cohort to Generate Virtual Populations.Pharmaceutics · 2024Article
- The Role of Pharmacogenetic-Based Pharmacokinetic Analysis in Precise Breast Cancer Treatment.Pharmaceutics · 2024Review
- Genetic ancestry in population pharmacogenomics unravels distinct geographical patterns related to drug toxicity.iScience · 2024Article
- Pharmacogenetic analysis of structural variation in the 1000 genomes project using whole genome sequences.Scientific reports · 2024Article
17 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The varying frequencies of pharmacogenetic alleles among populations have important implications for the impact of these alleles in different populations. Current population grouping methods to communicate these patterns are insufficient as they are inconsistent and fail to reflect the global distribution of genetic variability. To facilitate and standardize the reporting of variability in pharmacogenetic allele frequencies, we present seven geographically defined groups: American, Central/South Asian, East Asian, European, Near Eastern, Oceanian, and Sub-Saharan African, and two admixed groups: African American/Afro-Caribbean and Latino. These nine groups are defined by global autosomal genetic structure and based on data from large-scale sequencing initiatives. We recognize that broadly grouping global populations is an oversimplification of human diversity and does not capture complex social and cultural identity. However, these groups meet a key need in pharmacogenetics research by enabling consistent communication of the scale of variability in global allele frequencies and are now used by Pharmacogenomics Knowledgebase (PharmGKB).
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.