ReviewNeurology and therapy2019
Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor as a Therapeutic Target in Multiple Sclerosis.
Review in Neurology and therapy, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- T cell-targeted immunotherapies for multiple sclerosis: molecular mechanisms to therapeutic perspectives from Traditional Chinese medicine.Acta pharmacologica Sinica · 2026Article
- White matter paramagnetic rim and non-rim lesions share a periventricular gradient in multiple sclerosis: A 7-T imaging study.Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England) · 2024Article
- Inflammatory Cytokines Associated with Multiple Sclerosis Directly Induce Alterations of Neuronal Cytoarchitecture in Human Neurons.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2023Article
- Emerging approaches for preventing cytokine release syndrome in CAR-T cell therapy.Journal of materials chemistry. B · 2022Review
- Elevated proportion of TLR2- and TLR4-expressing Th17-like cells and activated memory B cells was associated with clinical activity of cerebral cavernous malformations.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2022Article
- Oleacein Attenuates the Pathogenesis of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis through Both Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- The Microbiome as a Therapeutic Target for Multiple Sclerosis: Can Genetically Engineered Probiotics Treat the Disease?Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Review
- Potential for Targeting Myeloid Cells in Controlling CNS Inflammation.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Review
- Prospective evaluation of host biomarkers other than interferon gamma in QuantiFERON Plus supernatants as candidates for the diagnosis of tuberculosis in symptomatic individuals.The Journal of infection · 2019Article
- Roles of GM-CSF in the Pathogenesis of Autoimmune Diseases: An Update.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis is an inflammatory neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS) and the most frequent cause of non-traumatic disability in adults in the Western world. Currently, several drugs have been approved for the treatment of multiple sclerosis. While the newer drugs are more effective, they have less favourable safety profiles. Thus, there is a need to identify new targets for effective and safe therapies, particularly in patients with progressive disease for whom no treatments are available. One such target is granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) or its receptor. In this article we review data on the potential role of GM-CSF and GM-CSF inhibition in MS. We discuss the expression and function of GM-CSF and its receptor in the CNS, as well as data from animal studies and clinical trials in MS.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.