ReviewFrontiers in immunology2018
Respiratory Viral Infection-Induced Microbiome Alterations and Secondary Bacterial Pneumonia.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 305 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
305 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 513 citations in OpenAlex.
- Profiling of human lung and gut microbiomes in different conditions of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease using ontology-based evidence synthesis and reasoning.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Pooled it
- No difference in microbial diversity between bronchoalveolar lavage and tracheal sampling: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ open respiratory research · 2025Pooled it
- How long do bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and viruses retain their replication capacity on inanimate surfaces? A systematic review examining environmental resilience versus healthcare-associated infection risk by "fomite-borne risk assessment".Clinical microbiology reviews · 2024Pooled it
- Modulation of gut microbiota protects against viral respiratory tract infections: a systematic review of animal and clinical studies.European journal of nutrition · 2021Pooled it
- Pharmacokinetics-based identification of pseudoaldosterogenic compounds originating from Glycyrrhiza uralensis roots (Gancao) after dosing LianhuaQingwen capsule.Acta pharmacologica Sinica · 2021Trial
- Characterization of the Human Oropharyngeal Microbiomes in SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Recovery Patients.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2021Trial
- Review
- Virobiome-mediated regulation of microbiota-gut-brain axis signaling and neuroimmune homeostasis.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Review
- An Appraisal of the Potential Downstream Benefits of RSV Vaccination in Older Adults.Reviews in medical virology · 2026Review
- SARS‑CoV‑2 Associated Shifts in the Upper Respiratory Tract Mycobiome in Non-hospitalized Cases.Mycopathologia · 2026Article
- Mechanisms and therapeutic strategies of asthma: from bench to bedside.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Upper Respiratory Tract Resistome Exhibits SARS-CoV-2-associated Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns.Current microbiology · 2026Article
- Empowering One Health with metagenomics.One health outlook · 2026Review
- Plant viruses and the microbiome: a complex network shaping plant health and disease resistance.Archives of virology · 2026Review
- Disease modulation by TIV vaccination during secondary pneumococcal infections in influenza-infected mice.Journal of virology · 2026Article
- Metagenomic sequencing identifies potential respiratory pathogens in PCR-negative subset of surveillance samples.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Interplay between viral infections and gut microbiota dysbiosis: Mechanisms and therapeutic potential.World journal of gastroenterology · 2026Review
- The Airway Microbiome as a Modulator of Influenza Virus Infection: Mechanistic Insights and Translational Perspectives-Review.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Assessment of the bacterial community of the human upper respiratory tract in patients affected by Covid-19.Genetics and molecular biology · 2026Article
- A multi-omics case-control study identifying oropharyngeal microbiome-metabolite patterns that characterize secondary bacterial pneumonia among influenza patients.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
245 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Influenza and other respiratory viral infections are the most common type of acute respiratory infection. Viral infections predispose patients to secondary bacterial infections, which often have a more severe clinical course. The mechanisms underlying post-viral bacterial infections are complex, and include multifactorial processes mediated by interactions between viruses, bacteria, and the host immune system. Studies over the past 15 years have demonstrated that unique microbial communities reside on the mucosal surfaces of the gastrointestinal tract and the respiratory tract, which have both direct and indirect effects on host defense against viral infections. In addition, antiviral immune responses induced by acute respiratory infections such as influenza are associated with changes in microbial composition and function ("dysbiosis") in the respiratory and gastrointestinal tract, which in turn may alter subsequent immune function against secondary bacterial infection or alter the dynamics of inter-microbial interactions, thereby enhancing the proliferation of potentially pathogenic bacterial species. In this review, we summarize the literature on the interactions between host microbial communities and host defense, and how influenza, and other acute respiratory viral infections disrupt these interactions, thereby contributing to the pathogenesis of secondary bacterial infections.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.