ReviewNature communications2018
Immediate neurophysiological effects of transcranial electrical stimulation.
Review in Nature communications, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 275 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Randomised Controlled Trial of Neurostimulation for Symptoms of Anorexia Nervosa
A Study on the Efficacy and Mechanism of Targeted Cerebellar Transcranial Electrical Stimulation for the Treatment of Refractory Temporal Lobe Epilepsy: A Single-center, Observational Study.
Who cites it
275 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 603 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy of Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation for Major Depressive Disorder and the Role of Intensity: A Systematic Review and Exploratory Meta-Analysis.Alpha psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- Posture enhancement with cerebellum transcranial electrical stimulation: a systematic review of current methods and findings.Experimental brain research · 2024Pooled it
- Transcranial current stimulation in epilepsy: A systematic review of the fundamental and clinical aspects.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2022Pooled it
- Systematic review and network meta-analysis of effects of noninvasive brain stimulation on post-stroke cognitive impairment.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2022Pooled it
- Cerebellar stimulation in schizophrenia: A systematic review of the evidence and an overview of the methods.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Pooled it
- Transcranial direct current stimulation enhances delayed retention after 5 days of lower-limb motor skill learning.The Journal of physiology · 2026Trial
- Dissociable effects of β-tACS on spectral power and network organization for proximal versus distal upper-limb recovery in subacute stroke: double-blind, randomized, sham-controlled trial with high-density EEG.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2026Trial
- Efficacy and safety of transcranial alternating current stimulation in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a double-blind randomized sham-controlled trial.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Trial
- Effects of 40-Hz transcranial alternating current stimulation on cognition and neural markers in Alzheimer's disease: a randomized, sham-controlled trial.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2026Trial
- A patient-specific, 3D printed neurostimulator enabling focal transcranial electrical stimulation and EEG at home.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2025Trial
- Enhancing astronaut training: effects of transcranial direct current stimulation on manual rendezvous and docking skill acquisition.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2025Trial
- Triangular Wave tACS Improves Working Memory Performance by Enhancing Brain Activity in the Early Stage of Encoding.Neuroscience bulletin · 2025Trial
- Transcranial alternating current stimulation for treating spinocerebellar ataxia type 3: A randomized controlled trial.Cell reports. Medicine · 2025Trial
- Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled pilot clinical trial with gamma-band transcranial alternating current stimulation for the treatment of schizophrenia refractory auditory hallucinations.Translational psychiatry · 2025Trial
- A randomized controlled trial on the effect of cranial electrotherapy stimulation on depression, anxiety, and craving in addicted male patients undergoing methadone maintenance treatment.BMC psychiatry · 2024Trial
- Glaucoma Rehabilitation Using ElectricAI Transcranial Stimulation (GREAT)-Optimizing Stimulation Protocol for Vision Enhancement Using an RCT.Translational vision science & technology · 2024Trial
- Frontopolar multifocal transcranial direct current stimulation reduces conditioned fear reactivity during extinction training: A pilot randomized controlled trial.Neurobiology of learning and memory · 2023Trial
- Microstructural and functional plasticity following repeated brain stimulation during cognitive training in older adults.Nature communications · 2023Trial
- Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) combined with cognitive training in adolescent boys with ADHD: a double-blind, randomised, sham-controlled trial.Psychological medicine · 2023Trial
- Transcranial direct current stimulation targeting the medial prefrontal cortex modulates functional connectivity and enhances safety learning in obsessive-compulsive disorder: Results from two pilot studies.Depression and anxiety · 2022Trial
215 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors at 9 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Noninvasive brain stimulation techniques are used in experimental and clinical fields for their potential effects on brain network dynamics and behavior. Transcranial electrical stimulation (TES), including transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS), has gained popularity because of its convenience and potential as a chronic therapy. However, a mechanistic understanding of TES has lagged behind its widespread adoption. Here, we review data and modelling on the immediate neurophysiological effects of TES in vitro as well as in vivo in both humans and other animals. While it remains unclear how typical TES protocols affect neural activity, we propose that validated models of current flow should inform study design and artifacts should be carefully excluded during signal recording and analysis. Potential indirect effects of TES (e.g., peripheral stimulation) should be investigated in more detail and further explored in experimental designs. We also consider how novel technologies may stimulate the next generation of TES experiments and devices, thus enhancing validity, specificity, and reproducibility.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.